Nanyue state was a state founded by Zhao Tuo, an official of the former Qin Dynasty, who took advantage of the wars in the Central Plains at the end of Qin Dynasty to separate the Lingnan region. After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Nanyue and the Han Dynasty maintained a “one country, two systems” relationship of nominal subordination and substantive independence. In 113 BC, the third king of Nanyue, zhaoyingqi, passed away. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took the opportunity to send an emissary mission to Nanyue to seek a solution to the problem of Nanyue belonging to the Han Dynasty, which prompted a rebellion. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty immediately sent a large army to fight the rebellion and occupied the whole territory of Nanyue in only three months. Why did the emissary group of the Han Dynasty promote rebellion? Why did the Han Army take South Vietnam so quickly? Breaking through the mists of history, there are many old spy shadows… Around the doubts of the Empress Dowager of South Vietnam, the third king of South Vietnam, zhaoyingqi, died in 113 BC, his youngest son Zhaoxing ascended the throne, and Zhao Xing’s mother, she, became the Empress Dowager. Due to Zhao Xing’s young age, the government affairs of the imperial court were largely controlled by Yu family. No, less than a year later, the mother and son both died in a bloody coup, and the Nanyue state vanished and was annexed by the Han Dynasty. The fuse of this coup was ignited by Yu. Although the Han Dynasty was at the peak of its national strength, and it was the general trend for South Vietnam to be incorporated into the territory of the Han Dynasty, the role of Yu in promoting it should not be underestimated. Today, we will carefully analyze the various actions of the Han Dynasty before and after this incident. What he did, it is entirely reasonable to believe that he was a big Han spy lurking in the core of South Vietnam. First of all, there is a big problem with the origin of the Shu family. She was neither a concubine of Ji, who was found by the king’s office of South Vietnam for Zhao Yingqi (before that, Zhao Yingqi had already married a crown princess, who was from South Vietnam), nor a native of South Vietnam, but a concubine whom Zhao Yingqi married when he served as the bodyguard of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in Chang’an. It is said that she was from Handan. And the woman had an affair with a baling man named Anguo Shaoji before she married zhaoyingqi. Baling is near Chang’an, which indicates that the Shu family has been active in Chang’an for a long time. What’s more suspicious is that later facts proved that this Anguo Shaoji was an important official of the Han Dynasty. How zhaoyingqi took a fancy to Yu and married her as his concubine is unknown, but we might as well imagine the plot: in 135 BC, a crown prince of Nanyue called zhaoyingqi came to Chang’an, the capital of the Han Dynasty, to serve as a royal bodyguard; This is a good saying. In essence, it is a hostage. Being far away from my hometown, my life driven by people is naturally boring. Fortunately, I have a considerate “good partner” who often takes him to some social activities in Chang’an upper class society. This kind of activity will naturally gather some talented celebrities, full of romantic atmosphere. Once, a gorgeous and charming beauty appeared in front of zhaoyingqi, which touched his lonely heart. The beauty was Yu. One is a handsome young prince charming and the other is a gorgeous young woman. The two met and fell in love at first sight, sparking love. Later, the two were united. Later, they had a love child, Zhaoxing. Is the story romantic enough? But at a deeper level, it’s suspicious. If the plot is revised again, it will be even more suspicious: zhaoyingqi fell in love with Yu at first sight, but Yu did not pay much attention to him, and always kept him at arm’s length. Zhaoyingqi was very upset about this. Seeing this, the “good partner” tried every means to help him. Later, he found a young official named Anguo Shaoji, a family friend of the Shu family, to intercede. Only then did the Shu family agree to zhaoyingqi’s proposal. Suspicious enough! There is more to be suspected. According to the records in the historical records of South Vietnam biographies, after Zhao Yingqi returned to the throne, he violated the patriarchal rule of “establishing a long family, not a young one, and establishing a legitimate family, not a common man”. He threw away his wife and eldest son, zhaojiande, who was from South Vietnam, and wrote to the court of the Han Dynasty to request that he be the queen and Zhaoxing the prince. Is there any element of his operation behind this abnormal behavior? Is there any shadow of the Han Dynasty? Think again of Zhao Yingqi’s father, the literary king of Nanyue, Zhao Zhen, who was critically ill. Zhao Yingqi asked to return to his country. The Han court did not see anyone move to block him or attach any conditions, so they let him return to Nanyue and ascend the throne smoothly &\8211; Is this intentional? When Zhao Xing succeeded to the throne and became the fourth Nanyue King, and the Shu family became the empress dowager, the suspicions became more and more obvious. In the summer of 113 BC, before the old king Zhaoying Qi’s bones were cold and the new king Zhaoxing’s buttocks were hot, the Han Dynasty sent special envoys to Nanyue and put forward two important motions. One was to persuade Zhaoxing and the Shu family to go to the court to meet the son of heaven, just like the mainland princes; The second is to make peace between Nanyue and the Han Dynasty, that is to say, Zhaoxing, the king of Nanyue, was asked to marry a woman from the royal family of the Han Dynasty. The special envoy was none other than his lover an guoshaoji. It should be said that these two motions are not timely at this time. People are doing funerals. It is obviously impolite for you to ask people to go to the court to see the son of heaven and to mention any marriage. As the initiator of “ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone”, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty’s move is obviously unusual. When Ban Gu wrote the book of Han Dynasty, he also thought that it was inappropriate for the Han Dynasty to propose marriage at this time. Therefore, he did not record this matter in the biographies of Guangdong and Guangdong, but made a mention in the biography of the final army, and wrote “South Vietnam and Han harmony”. This is obviously to cover up. Nanyue is also a country dominated by the civilization of the Central Plains. How could such a thing be mentioned at the national funeral? Besides, an guoshaoji, the special envoy sent by the Han Dynasty, not only had a special identity, but also made a special move. Unlike the previous envoys of the Han Dynasty, he did not follow the orders of the imperial court. Instead, he brought a special class with the help of eloquent civil officials such as the admonishing doctor zongjun, and military officials such as the warrior Weichen. At the same time, there is a supporting action project. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Wei Wei Lu bode to lead a large army to Guiyang, the Wuling fortress, to exchange information with Anguo Shaoji at any time. All these signs show that the Han Dynasty is determined to completely annex Nanyue this time, and is full of confidence. Why are you so confident? Is it because your lurks have taken control of the situation there? If so, then the lurker must be the surname Yu, and there will be no second person. It is not a wild idea for me to make this inference. The use of spy undercover was nothing new in ancient China. Sun Tzu’s art of war specially wrote the chapter on using time, and actual cases are not uncommon. The most famous are su Qin, an international super spy who successfully broke into the highest level of the enemy’s decision-making during the Warring States period, and Zheng Guo, a South Korean technical agent who successfully persuaded the Qin state to turn its combat power into productivity. “Sun Tzu’s art of war – using time” says: “the inner man uses it because of his officials.” Based on the analysis of all the above signs, it can be concluded that he was a super spy of the Han Dynasty who successfully broke into the core of Nanyue with the help of Zhao Yingqi. Now let’s continue to analyze Anguo Shaoji. The mystery of Anguo Shaoji’s identity about Anguo Shaoji’s identity, Shiji and Hanshu only vaguely record him as an emissary, without any other information. However, we can analyze from the situation of his entourage’s deputy ending the army. He is definitely a heavyweight role. In the history of the Western Han Dynasty, Zhongjun was a young genius almost comparable to Jia Yi. Jia Yi became a talented man at the age of 18. In his twenties, he was called by Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty to become a doctor (a consultant who was responsible for discussion and etiquette, and later concurrently taught Confucian Classics). Within a year, he was promoted to a senior doctor of Taizhong (this official position belongs to the third level under the three senior officials and nine ministers of the Han Dynasty, and his duty is to be in charge of speech and suggestions, which is roughly equivalent to the director of information in Taiwan today). At the age of 18, Zhongjun was selected as a doctoral student (a doctoral student of Taixue), and was immediately favored by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty because he wrote about state affairs, and was appointed as a visitor to Shizhong (similar to the Royal communication and reception section chief, who is responsible for delivering orders and receiving guests). Five years later, the final army took the initiative to ask for an envoy to the Xiongnu. After returning, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty issued an imperial edict to ask him some questions about divining ghosts and symbols &\8211; “Ask about good or bad luck”, Zhongjun’s answer made Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty very impressed, and he was promoted to be a doctor of remonstrance (in charge of discussion, but one level lower than Jia Yi). When he was sent to the Nanyue state this time, the final army asked to participate. He said with pride: “if you are willing to receive a long tassel, you will detain the king of Nanyue.” This creates an idiom &\8211; “Volunteering”. Besides, what kind of official position should an guoshaoji have when he has a person with the status of the final army as his deputy? Let’s look at the identity of Robert. The commander of the unified army is only a temporary appointment. His actual official position is Wei Wei. Wei Wei was one of the nine Qing Dynasties in the Han Dynasty, belonging to the second level of high-level officials in the imperial court. According to the description of the position in the book of the Han Dynasty, the list of all officials and ministers: “Wei Wei, an official of the Qin Dynasty, was in charge of the guard of the palace, and there was a Cheng. At the beginning of the reign of emperor Jing, it was renamed the order of the Chinese doctor, and later in the first year, it was renamed Wei Wei. The officials included three Cheng, the commander of the bus, the guard, and the brigade Ben. The three Cheng, the guard, and the twelve officials of the garrison guard marquis and the Sima Er were all involved.”
This shows that Wei Wei is an important military officer directly under the emperor, responsible for the security of the periphery of the royal family, and can be described as an important confidant of the emperor. What deserves special attention here is that Wei Wei’s subordinate officials play an important role in intelligence work; “Wei Hou”.
The original meaning of “Hou” in ancient Chinese is “watch and reconnaissance”. In ancient Chinese official positions, almost all those with the word “Hou” were in charge of intelligence work, such as Hou Zheng, Hou Yan, scout, chief inspector, etc., and the guard was no exception.
There is a general rule at all times and in all over the world that the level of officials in the intelligence system is generally not too high. For example, “Wei Hou” directly belongs to Wei Wei, the third level of imperial officials, and the level is not low. It is roughly equivalent to the director of central intelligence or the director of federal investigation in the United States today.
As an intelligence officer, the identity is generally hidden, not open. Therefore, we can infer that his real identity is very likely to be “Wei Hou” & \8211 by combining the identities of Lu bode and the final army, as well as the special mission and vague identity of Anguo Shaoji; He was subordinate to lubot and led the final army.
From the perspective of personnel strategic allocation, it is also a very reasonable allocation to take Wei Wei as the commander in chief of the unified forces stationed in the periphery and send a special team led by Wei Hou, a senior intelligence officer subordinate to Wei Wei, as an envoy to South Vietnam, to get in touch with the intelligence personnel lurking there, carry out work, and inform the general manager of the situation at any time. It can be said that such strategic personnel allocation can be found everywhere in modern and contemporary international wars and the cold war.
In the Western Han Dynasty, there was a prominent figure who was famous in the history of the Qing Dynasty because he was an envoy to a foreign country as a guard and successfully completed his mission; Feng Fengshi. (see the book of Han Dynasty, biography of Feng Feng for his deeds)
It is conceivable that if Anguo Shaoji did not fail the mission but successfully completed the mission, his identity would also be made public and remain in history.
Yu’s performance of returning to Han is too abnormal
After the arrival of Anguo Shaoji, he secretly renewed his friendship with his old lover. In public, she acted like the head of a special female working group in the Han Dynasty.
He continued to spread the prestige of the Han Dynasty and repeatedly instilled in his son Zhaoxing and his ministers the idea that the return of Nanyue to the big family of the Han Dynasty was the general trend.
According to the biographies of Nanyue, the Empress Dowager was young, and the Chinese people, too, tried to communicate with the Shao Ji of an state. The Chinese people knew it well, and most of them did not attach themselves to the Empress Dowager. The empress dowager, fearing chaos, also wanted to rely on the power of the Han Dynasty to persuade the king and his officials to seek internal affiliation
In modern Han Dynasty, it is translated as: “Zhaoxing, the king of Nanyue, was young. The Empress Dowager Shu, a native of the Central Plains, once had an affair with Anguo Shaoji. This time Anguo Shaoji came to be an envoy, and they had an affair again. When the people of Nanyue learned about this, they mostly did not depend on the Empress Dowager. The Empress Dowager was worried about a rebellion in China, and also wanted to rely on the power of the Han Dynasty, and repeatedly persuaded the king of Nanyue and his officials to request ownership of the Han Dynasty.”
The first half of this statement seems reasonable. The Shu family has little prestige, is from the Central Plains, and also has intimate relations with envoys of the Han Dynasty. The people of Nanyue naturally do not want to identify with her. However, the latter part of the study inevitably raises doubts. Since she was a native of the Central Plains and had intimate relations with envoys of the Han Dynasty, which caused dissatisfaction among the people of South Vietnam, if she wanted to avoid trouble, she should show that she was close to the people of South Vietnam and alienated from the Han Dynasty. How could she use the power of the Han Dynasty to suppress the people of China and persuade her sons and ministers to belong to the Han Dynasty? It’s not clear that they are trying to promote unrest! Of course, if she did this to complete the spy mission, it would be natural.
Through ideological work, he persuaded his son and some important ministers. Therefore, in the name of the king of South Vietnam, he wrote a letter to the Han court through his special envoy Anguo Shaoji, requesting that the emperor should see the emperor once every three years in accordance with the practice of mainland princes, and remove the frontier fortress.
In essence, this was tantamount to giving up all the independent autonomy as a foreign vassal state and giving the Nanyue state to the Han Dynasty.
There is no mother in the world who doesn’t want her son to go up high, but he actually asked her son to give up being the boss of the party and become a younger brother to watch others’ faces eat? What is this spirit? It’s either a loyal patriotism or a serious mental illness.
Generally speaking, under the strong pressure of the enemy, the first person to put forward the motion of surrender is often the minister, not the master. Because surrender did not do much damage to the ministers, they were originally ministers. It would be better to continue to be ministers in the past. But the master is different. The difference between the master and the minister is too big. What’s more terrible is that if the enemy regards you as an unstable factor and loses your life, it will take minutes. If it’s more unlucky, it will destroy the three clans.
On this point, Lu Su, a minister of Wu in the Middle East in the romance of the Three Kingdoms, said clearly to his Master Sun Quan: “if Su and other officials surrender to the Communist Party, they should return to their hometown party. They will not lose their state and county. If a general demotes to the Communist Party, he will return to his place. He can’t be a marquis. He can’t ride a car. He can’t ride a horse. There are only a few people. How can he be lonely in the south? Everyone wants to be their own. Don’t listen.”
Is he a neuropathy? Of course not. There are more wonderful performances behind her.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was overjoyed when he received the report of the request of the Nanyue state for return, and approved it according to the regulations. In addition, according to the regulations of the Han Dynasty on the management of the vassal states, some important officials of the political high-level of the vassal states should be directly appointed by the central government. Who are the officials? According to the list of officials and ministers in the Han Dynasty, it is noted that “Taifu assists the king, the internal history governs the people, the lieutenant takes charge of military duties, and the prime minister governs all officials”. Therefore, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty directly gave the official seal to the Prime Minister of Nanyue state, Lu Jia, and four senior officials, including Taifu, NEISHI, and lieutenant, to show that they would be directly under the central management in the future. Other officials were independently appointed by the South Vietnamese State.
The prime minister is equivalent to the Prime Minister of today’s cabinet, the Taifu is equivalent to the king’s teacher and general adviser on national policy, the internal history is equivalent to the Minister of Finance and civil affairs, and the lieutenant is equivalent to the Minister of national defense. These important officials are under the direct leadership of the central government. The princes who are guarded by them are naturally like the monkeys in the palm of the Buddha. No matter how you toss and turn, you can’t turn over the sky.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also ordered the Nanyue state to abolish the original laws such as tsingy punishment and Kui punishment, and to use the laws of the Han dynasty like the mainland princes. At the same time, he ordered the special envoy class of Anguo Shaoji to stay to appease and stabilize the situation in South Vietnam.
– This last point is easy to understand. Of course, these agents cannot withdraw before the end of the special operation.
After receiving the imperial edict, the Shu family actively arranged for her and her son to go north to meet Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
He showed the determination and skill of a female agent
Seeing that the great cause of overthrowing the South Vietnamese regime and returning the South Vietnamese state to the Han Dynasty is about to be completed, there is only one major obstacle to be removed. This obstacle is Lu Jia, the Prime Minister of the Nanyue state.
Lu Jia has successively assisted three generations of kings. He is an authentic elder of three dynasties. He is highly respected and trusted by Chinese people. He has a decisive influence in South Vietnam. Moreover, the Lvjia clan and the Zhao King’s clan have always had a good personal relationship. They have been married for generations. Men have married women of the royal clan, and women have also married children of the royal clan. They have also married Zhaoguang, the Duke of the Nanyue state, Cangwu, king of Qin.
– Zhao Guang, the king of Qin, was also a descendant of the Nanyue royal family and was enfeoffed in Cangwu (now Wuzhou, Guangxi) by Zhao Tuo. As the only Marquis of Nanyue, he should be the direct descendant of zhaotuo, the Wu Emperor of Nanyue.
More than 70 Lujia people held higher official positions in the Nanyue state. Moreover, he had cultivated a large number of old cronies for many years, and his prestige far exceeded that of Zhaoxing, the young new king.
Lu Jia had repeatedly dissuaded Zhao Xing when he urged him to write to the court of the Han Dynasty to request annexation. However, Zhao Xing was obstructed by his family and would not adopt his opinion.
Lu Jia was not reconciled to the change of sovereignty of the Nanyue state. He changed from a prime minister under one person to a general bureaucrat at the mercy of the officials of the Han Dynasty. Therefore, he felt resistant and refused to see the envoys of the Han Dynasty on the pretext of illness.
Members of the special envoy team, such as Anguo Shaoji, Zhongjun and Weichen, were constantly spying on Lu Jia’s movements and felt that the old man had a problem. However, because of Lu Jia’s strong local strength, they never dared to kill him.
At this time, he resolutely set out with the fearless revolutionary spirit. In the winter and November of 112 B.C., in the name of her son Zhaoxing, king of Nanyue, and herself, the Shu family held a Hongmen banquet in the palace, inviting people from both sides to attend. One side was the Han Dynasty emissary group, and the other side was Lu Jia and the ministers of Nanyue.
According to the biographies of Nanyue, the king and Empress Dowager were afraid of Jia and other people. They bought wine, introduced the power of Han envoys, and sought to kill Jia and others The king of Nanyue and the Empress Dowager were afraid that Lu Jia and others would first launch a coup, so they arranged a banquet to kill Lu Jia and others with the help of the prestige of Han Dynasty envoys This statement is illogical. Lu Jia did not pay attention to the Han Dynasty envoys and refused to see them for many times. How can the Han Dynasty envoys be said to have authority to rely on? It is more reliable to say that this is a conspiracy jointly planned by the Han Dynasty emissary group and the Shu family in order to get rid of Lu Jia. The “Hongmen banquet”, a way to solve political enemies, was very familiar to the envoys of the Han Dynasty, because their emperor Liu Bang was one of the protagonists of the “Hongmen banquet”.
At the banquet, the envoys of the Han Dynasty all sat facing the East, the Empress Dowager facing the south, the king of Nanyue facing the north, and the Prime Minister Lu Jia and his ministers all faced the west to sit and drink. From this seating arrangement, we can see that the real status of the Yu family seems to be superior to his son Zhao Xing.
It should be said that the emissary group of the Han Dynasty and his family had a good calculation. However, Lv Jia did not give it for nothing. He had already predicted that there would be no good wine and no good banquet. He also prepared a response plan. He came to the banquet with a large group of people. His brother was a general of the South Vietnam state with heavy soldiers in his hands.
After escorting his brother to the scene, the brother deployed his troops at various points outside the palace to pose a deterrent posture. The intention is obvious &\8211; If you dare to harm my brother, none of you will leave alive.
The envoys of the Han Dynasty were not fools. Seeing that the situation had changed so much, they could not help but beat a retreat drum.
At this time, she could see her courage. During the banquet, she asked Lu Jia sternly, “it is good for the country that South Vietnam belongs to the Han Dynasty, but the prime minister tried to obstruct it. Why?”
In the face of such questions, Lu Jia was really hard to answer. If he wanted to satisfy the Yu family and the envoys of the Han Dynasty, he had to answer that he had no intention of obstructing them, which would make him lose face in front of many subordinates. If his answer could not satisfy Yu family and Han Dynasty envoys, he would be taken down on the spot or even beheaded.
The old man is worthy of being an old hand in political struggle. He gave him a silent kill without saying a word.
Probably according to the plan, he followed the question. He must make it clear to Lu Jia. If he refused to speak, he would take it. However, the envoys of the Han Dynasty were timid, looked at each other, and never dared to start.
Seeing that these people looked abnormal, Lu Jia made a quick decision and got up and went out.
Anguo Shaoji watched Lu Jia leave, but no one dared to stop her.
At this time, he fully displayed the spirit of a female hero and the determination and skill of a female agent. She was about to assassinate Lv Jia with a spear. Unexpectedly, Zhaoxing stopped his mother just as Xiang Bo had covered Liu Bang at the Hongmen banquet. Lu Jia was able to get out of the palace.
The task force forced Lv Jia to turn against her
The biographies of South Vietnam went on to record that Lv Jia sent a part of his younger brother’s army to escort him back to his home. Since then, he refused to see the king of South Vietnam and the envoys of the Han Dynasty under the pretext of illness, and secretly planned with the ministers to launch a rebellion.
Zhaoxing never wanted to kill Lv Jia. Lu Jia knew this, so she didn’t do it for months.
She wanted to kill Lu Jia. However, because she had committed adultery with Anguo Shaoji, the people of South Vietnam refused to follow her. Her lover and his Han Dynasty emissary group were helpless. Her son refused to come forward. She could not do it with her own strength.
A careful taste of this account shows that Lv Jia did not publicly resolve to break away from the Han Dynasty. As a senior political elder like him, if he has such a determination, he will not worry about whether Zhao Xing has good intentions towards him. It is normal for him not to see Zhaoxing and the emissary group. Anyone who has eaten a Hongmen banquet will go to eat a second time. Unless his brain is kicked by a donkey, or he is tired of living.
It can be said that if the Han Dynasty could send a few reassurances to Lu Jia in time, such as cracking the earth and sealing the Marquis, and awarding the “iron coupon Dan book” with the nature of covenant guarantee, the South Vietnam issue would be resolved peacefully, and there would be no bloody rebellion and counterinsurgency war later.
However, the special intelligence personnel (including the emissary group and Yu family) did not raise this possibility to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty because of their greed for merit, but exaggerated Lv Jia’s reactionary nature. The arrogant character of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made it difficult for him to make such a judgment. As a result, the Han Dynasty missed this opportunity for a peaceful solution, and finally forced against Lu Jia, resulting in a bloody and scorched war.
– “Poor Yongding riverside bones. They are still people in a boudoir dream!” The paradox and ruthlessness of history is really regrettable.
“Biographies of Nanyue” then wrote: “the emperor hears that Jia doesn’t listen to the king. The king and the queen mother are weak and can’t control him. The emissary is timid and indecisive.” This sentence can be analyzed in detail.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty learned that “Lu Jia did not obey the king of Nanyue, and the king and queen mother of Nanyue were too weak to control the situation.” this situation should be reported by the special class of Shaoji in Anguo. However, the situation that “envoys are timid and dare not make a decision” can not be reflected by the words of Anguo Shaoji special class. It can only be a report from another side. In what way? She is the most reasonable one, and only she has the most reason to draw this conclusion. Because she had planned a “Hongmen banquet” to kill Lv Jia on the spot, but the Anguo junior season special class didn’t dare to cooperate, so it fell short. As a senior undercover, she must report this situation to her superiors in a timely manner, express her credit and get rid of her responsibilities.
This also shows that there is another direct communication channel between the Shu family and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Her relationship with Anguo Shaoji is just a division of labor and cooperation, and they do not belong to each other.
This kind of personnel arrangement is good for the superiors to hear the real information from the front line and control it; However, it also has negative effects. Due to the lack of unified command on the front line, the rear can only make decisions when encountering major problems. After all, the rear is not as accurate and timely as the front line, and the decision-making is inevitably biased or delayed.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty analyzed the information from both sides and concluded that Zhao Xing, king of Nanyue, had agreed to return to the Han Dynasty. Only Lv Jia wanted to rebel, which was not enough to start a military. However, he did not expect to adopt the pacification policy to solve the problem peacefully. Instead, he adopted the method of sending more people to the special class for the South Vietnam problem, and appointed Zhuang Shen as the special envoy of the second echelon, asking him to lead 2000 troops to South Vietnam.
Zhuang can was very clear-minded and said to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, “as a friendly envoy, a few people are enough; as a threat of force, 2000 people are not enough to solve the South Vietnam problem.” Zhuang can refused to go, so Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty dismissed him from office. This man disappeared from the historical stage of the Han Dynasty and didn’t even hold any official posts.
Throughout the ages, there have been more people who are not clear-minded and eager to be greedy for work than those who are as steady as Zhuang Shen.
Han Qianqiu, a brave man from Jiadi (now the eastern part of Zhongmou, Henan Province) and former Prime Minister of Jibei (the Prime Minister of the feudal states of Jibei), stood up and said to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, “if you want to win 200 warriors, you will kill them in return.”
In modern Chinese, it is translated as: “in Nanyue, there is only the Empress Dowager as the agent. Only the prime minister Lvjia is harmed. What is difficult to deal with? I am willing to lead 200 warriors to go there. I will kill Lvjia and report to the court.”
– This sentence undoubtedly confirms my previous inference that he was a lurker sent by the Han Dynasty.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty liked such people who dared to conquer the four barbarians and serve the country with iron blood. He immediately appointed Han Qianqiu as the special envoy of the second echelon, and his younger brother Tan Le as the Deputy envoy. He asked them to lead 2000 people to South Vietnam.
Since Han Qianqiu is aiming to kill and make contributions, these 2000 people must be armed to the teeth, and their actions must be full of killing opportunities.
Seeing that the comer is not good, how can Lu Jia sit back and wait for his death. In April 112 BC, when Han Qianqiu and his party entered the border of South Vietnam, Lu Jia and his cronies immediately launched a rebellion and issued orders to the domestic military and people, Incitement said: “the king was young. The Empress Dowager was from the Central Plains. She also committed adultery with envoys of the Han Dynasty. She wanted to belong to the Han Dynasty. She wanted to give all the precious treasures of the former king to the emperor of the Han Dynasty to please her. She also had to take many people with her. When she came to Chang’an, she sold them to the Han people as slaves. The Empress Dowager only wanted to get away from the country for a short time, regardless of Zhao’s country, and had no intention of thinking about future generations and grandchildren for a long time.”
This “request for comment” has the element of slander, but it is a fact that he wants to give Zhao’s land to the Han. A foreign woman wants to give away the land that Zhao has been running for 180 years. Of course, Nanyue people who have accepted Zhao’s leadership for many years should be indignant.
In this way, Lu Jia had the opportunity to make peace. He and his brother, who served as a general, led troops to attack the Royal Palace of Nanyue and the Embassy of the Han Dynasty. The most profound female sleeper in history, the Shu family, died heroically in this regard. Her son Zhaoxing, king of Nanyue, her lover and Comrade Anguo Shaoji, and all members of the special class of the Han Dynasty died together. The hidden action of the Great Han and the plan to overthrow South Vietnam have fallen short and come to an end.
Secret warfare opens the way for Ming warfare
After solving the problems of Zhao Xing, he family and the Han Dynasty emissary group, Lu Jia still needed to use the Zhao family’s banner as a call, so he sent people to inform Zhao Guang, Cangwu king of Qin, and other county and county officials to support zhaojiande, the eldest son of zhaoyingqi and his wife of Yuanpei nationality, as the new king of Nanyue.
At this time, Han Qianqiu, the high spirited special envoy of the second echelon of the great man, led his army to break through several small towns in South Vietnam, which became even more arrogant. The South Vietnamese adopted the tactics of luring the enemy in depth, making way for food. The 2000 Han troops marched nearly 40 miles away from Panyu, fell into the ambush circle of the South Vietnamese army, and were completely destroyed.
Lu Jia then sent people to pack the amulets of Han Dynasty envoys in boxes and send them to the frontier fortress. He told some irrelevant lies to show his gratitude. At the same time, he sent troops to defend all the passes.
This outcome was obviously beyond the expectation of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. At this time, he probably realized that there was a mistake in the front-line information and his own judgment. Therefore, when he issued the pension order, he said: “although Han Qianqiu failed, he was still a model in the army who had the courage to attack the enemy and made his son hanyannian the Marquis of Cheng’an. As the queen mother, Chen Le’s sister took the lead in advocating belonging to the Han Dynasty and made his son Chen Guangde the Marquis of Longkang.”
Here, she was specifically mentioned, and her relatives were praised to affirm her patriotic feelings. However, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not even mention Anguo Shaoji, Zhongjun, Weichen and others, obviously blaming them for their dereliction of duty.
Of course, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty could not tolerate Lu Jia’s rebellious acts. Then, he ordered the conscription of sinners (minor criminals, who can perform meritorious deeds to atone for their sins) and 100000 naval troops south of the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River to go to fight against the Nanyue state.
In the autumn of 112 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Wei Wei Lu bode as general Fubo, who set out from Guiyang and headed south along Huishui (now lianjiang, Guangdong); Yang Fu, the Lord Duwei (military attache in charge of marquis Affairs), was the general of the building ship. He set out from Yuzhang (today’s Nanchang area) and went straight to Hengpu pass; Starting from Lingling (now the northeast of Quanzhou in Guangxi), one of the two Nanyue people, Yan and Jia, who had previously subordinated to the Han Dynasty and were granted Marquis, headed down Lishui (the Li River) and the other directly to Cangwu; Chiyi Hou Yi was sent to collect the sinners in Ba and Shu areas, and the army of Yelang state was sent down along the zanke River (Beipan River). All the people are required to join forces in Panyu.
The number of troops dispatched by the Han Dynasty in this battle has not been accurately recorded in historical data. According to a rough calculation, Yang Pu’s headquarters alone had 100000 naval troops, while luboude’s headquarters had a large army stationed in Guiyang. I’m afraid the total number would not be less than 100000, plus the other passers-by and horses. It is estimated that the total number would not be less than 300000.
However, the army of the Southern Yue State consists of infantry, cavalry, chariots and sailors, which is known as “more than one million soldiers with armour” (the book of Han, biography of two cantons, written by Zhao Tuo to Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty). In fact, there are not so many, but there are always 200 to 300 thousand soldiers. In addition, the five ridges pass is easy to defend but difficult to attack. Therefore, the two sides are inseparable in this battle.
The Han army fought from the autumn of 112 to the winter of 111 (Zhuanxu calendar was adopted in the early Han Dynasty, October was the first month of the year, and winter was the first season of the year). It took three months to achieve breakthrough results. The brutal and bloodthirsty Yang Pu led his elite troops to conquer Xunqi, the fortress of Nanyue, and then to conquer Shimen, the northwest gateway of Panyu, the capital of Nanyue. He captured a number of ships and military provisions of Nanyue, and then moved forward to defeat the Vietnamese forward who came to block the attack. He led tens of thousands of troops to the outer perimeter of Panyu and waited for luboude to meet him.
Luboud led the sinners assigned to him. Because of the long journey and the difficult battle, when he joined forces with Yang Fu, there were only more than 1000 people left. After the two armies joined forces, Yang Pu led the army in front and luboude’s headquarters in the back. He drove to Panyu city and attacked the city separately.
The two men adopted different strategies. Yang Fu attacked fiercely, defeated the South Vietnamese army, and then set fire to the city; However, luboud was aggressive, set up a camp and sent people to appease the Nanyue people. This fight and pull effectively disintegrated the fighting spirit of the South Vietnamese and made them surrender to the headquarters of luboud.
Seeing that the situation was bad, Lu Jia and zhaojiande led hundreds of his subordinates to escape to the sea by boat in the dark. The army and people in the city lost their leaders and had no intention of fighting again. They asked luboud for surrender at dawn. Luboud took the opportunity to ask the surrendering South Vietnamese nobles about the direction of Lvjia’s escape. He sent troops to catch up and captured both zhaojiande and Lvjia.
Zhao Guang, the king of Qin, Cangwu, and Shi Ding, the magistrate of Jieyang County in South Vietnam, saw that the general situation was gone and took the initiative to surrender to the Han army. Ju Weng, the supervisor of Guilin County in South Vietnam, not only defected himself, but also persuaded officials in Western ou, Luoyue and other regions to surrender to the Han Army and belong to the Han Dynasty.
So far, it was founded in 204 BC, five kings were handed down, and Nanyue, which had existed for 93 years, was declared dead.
The Han army pursued the South Vietnamese army who refused to surrender and crossed the sea to bring Hainan Island industry into the territory of the Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty then divided this area into the South China Sea, Cangwu, Yulin, Hepu, Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen, rinan, zhuya and daner.
So far, the war of Han exterminating South Vietnam has come to an end, but there is a problem worth pondering.
According to the records of Huainan Zi – human training, in order to conquer the Lingnan region, the first emperor of Qin sent 500000 troops to attack in five ways for three years, but the commander Tu Ju was defeated and died. We should know that the Lingnan area was still in a backward social form with mixed Fangguo and tribes, and the productivity was low; The local Baiyue ethnic group has a pitifully small population, probably not as many as the Qin army; At this time, the territory of South Vietnam was several times larger than that at that time, and its population was more than several times larger than that at that time, and it had already entered the feudal society with developed productive forces; But why did Lingnan seem so vulnerable compared with Lingnan in those days? It was occupied by the Han army only three months ago?
There are several reasons for my analysis. First, after Zhao Tuo’s long-term efforts in “harmonizing and editing Baiyue”, the local Baiyue nationality and the people in the Central Plains gradually merged, weakening the national concept, which made them lack national hostility to the Han Dynasty, so their will to resist was not as firm as it was at the beginning. Second, life has become easier, people’s level of civilization has improved, and the spirit of fearing death has naturally declined greatly. Third, the secret war of the Han Dynasty was very effective. It caused internal strife in the South Vietnamese regime, divided the cohesion of the South Vietnamese people, and made them confused about who they should fight for, and lost their fighting spirit, thus paving the way for the later Ming war.
In the conclusion of the biographies of Nanyue, Sima Qian said: “the baby entered the dynasty together, then the country was subjugated, and was conscripted from her daughter.”. What do you mean? That is to say, from the time Zhao Yingqi joined the imperial court as a bodyguard to the time when Nanyue was subjugated, there was a thread to follow. The sign was that Zhao Yingqi married his daughter.
In a word, I don’t need to say anything more.