1. he who forbears will accomplish great things
Sometimes history is like this. The longer the time goes, the more
celebrity
The more clearly things appear before us. I am referring to King Zhuang of Chu. At the mention of the name, many of his stories soon gathered in my mind. From the little things of this historical giant, we admire his great achievements and talents, and at the same time, we feel his true character of a true gentleman, which will deeply move us up to now. Speaking of his story, we cannot bypass his forbearance.
A young king should be vigorous and heroic. At the beginning of his accession to the throne, it is only right for a new official to take office three times. Moreover, he was a king who was in charge of the fate of the state of Chu and the lives of his ministers. However, the impression he gave us was that he spent three years in the drunken and gentle village. His father, King Mu of Chu, was the king who killed his father and usurped the throne. He reigned for 12 years. Although he ruled with an iron fist, it was still difficult to eliminate the disasters left behind. Conflicts between the family and the state might erupt at any time. In addition, he was a strong minister. He was the head of the ruao family. Now he ordered Yin Dou Yuejiao, just like the Qing Dynasty
Kangxi
Aobai at the beginning of succession. The kingship was weakened to the confluence between the two families, and the contradiction directly pointed to the kingship, taking him as a hostage. Therefore, three years before he succeeded to the throne, King Zhuang of Chu forbeared with the support of the left and the right and great wisdom.
A man discovered that the king of Chu Zhuang was not a fatuous king. He saw the essence of the king of Chu through a few small things. This man is Wu Ju, the ancestor of Wu Zixu. Wu Ju noticed that when the king of Chu was on his hunting tour, when he saw that the brave had killed the tiger and leopard, he would praise &\8221; So I know his courage;, Seeing the brave divide the prey equally, they will praise &\8221; I know its benevolence;. Wu Ju was surprised to find that the real intention of the king of Chu to forbear was actually to find useful people and try to restore his royal authority. Wu Ju began to test out the king of Chu, which led to a famous dialogue between monarchs and ministers in history. According to many ancient documents, such as historical records, Chu family, Hanfeizi, Yu Lao, Lu Chunqiu, Chongyan: &\8221; (Wu Ju) said: &\8217; There are birds in Fu, who do not fly or sing for three years&# 8217; King Zhuang said: &\8217; Three years without fame, fame will soar to the sky; If you don’t sing for three years, it will be amazing. “&# 8221; We can imagine that Wu Ju, a loyal minister, ventured to see the king of Chu, and made a lot of effort. At that time, King Zhuang of Chu would only indulge in singing, dancing and drinking. He was watching songs and dances when he was drunk. When he saw Wu Ju, he asked casually: &\8221; Doctor Wu is here to drink with Bugu, or to watch songs and dances together&# 8221; Wu Ju shook his head and said something: &\8221; I was puzzled by a riddle and couldn’t figure it out. I hereby ask your majesty for advice&# 8221; As soon as the king of Chuzhuang became interested, drinking and listening to music all day was also boring. It was really good to use riddles as spiritual nourishment, just to refresh himself. He asked with some interest: &\8221; Hehe, what riddle is so difficult to guess? Let me try&# 8221; Wu Ju said: &\8221; The riddle is &\8217; There are big birds in the capital of Chu. They live in the court hall. They wear colorful clothes and last for three years. They neither sing nor fly. It’s hard to understand. What is it&# 8217; Your majesty, guess what, neither singing nor flying. What kind of bird is it&# 8221; After hearing this, King Zhuang of Chu looked at Doctor Wu. He seemed to say, I knew you were the minister I wanted to be responsible for, so he smiled and said: &\8221; I guessed right! It is no ordinary bird. The bird did not fly for three years, but flew into the sky; If you don’t sing for three years, you will be astonished if you sing once. Please come back and wait and see&# 8221; In this way, the emperor and his ministers matched the secret code with the secret code. Wu Ju was steadfast and went away. He would have a place to use in the future.
There is another version of this story, that is, Chunyu Kun told King Wei of Qi and Yi Yin said: &\8221; There is a big bird in the kingdom. It is only in the king’s court. It has not flown nor chirped for three years. The king knows why this bird&# 8221; Wang Yue: &\8221; If the bird does not fly, it will fly to the sky; If you don’t make a sound, you’ll make a big splash&# 8221; We can’t judge who is the originator. Judging from Wu Ju’s tone, it seems that there was this story first. This is irrelevant to this article. After a while, another loyal minister could not sit still. This person is Su Cong. He saw that the king of Chu had ignored the government for three years, had not issued orders, and had only hunted all day long. He was immersed in the sound and lust of dogs and horses, and died: &\8221; Those who dare to remonstrate will die without mercy&# 8221; He felt that as a state minister, he should consider the country and should not worry about personal safety. He risked his life to remonstrate. King Zhuang of Chu saw the man who dared to eat leopard courage: &\8221; Don’t you know my ban&# 8221; Fortunately, this man not only has courage but also a bit of strategy. He invented the crying admonition in history. When King Zhuang of Chu saw a man of this age crying like a child, he asked curiously: &\8221; I didn’t intend to punish my husband. Why did I cry&# 8221; But Su Cong said something shocking: &\8221; I cry for my death, but I am even more sad for the subjugation of my country&# 8221; This confused the king of Chu. He was surprised to ask why the state of Chu was not dead, nor was his husband dead. Su Cong pointed to the king of Chu: &\8221; Three years! The king only knows pleasure and pleasure, and he still orders to die. He is not allowed to give advice. Isn’t this a harbinger of national subjugation? If I come to die, I can get the reputation of a loyal King through the ages, and the king will be infamous forever&# 8221; Then the loyal minister shouted, &\8221; Come on, kill it if you want&# 8221; Maybe it’s time to be patient. Maybe it’s time to find a general plan for reforming the state of Chu, or to find a suitable candidate. King Zhuang of Chu burst out laughing: &\8221; You really do it for the country. I don’t understand&# 8221; King Zhuang of Chu really fulfilled &\8221; If you don’t make a sound, you will make a big splash &\8221; That sentence. When he drew his sword out of the scabbard, he killed more than 100 powerful officials who despised the royal power and committed crimes, and accordingly promoted and reused loyal officials led by Wu Ju and Su Cong to check and balance the power of the powerful order Yin Dou Yuejiao. Therefore, the conflict between the royal power and the ruo’ao family broke out irreconcilably.
2. the king of iron and blood will shine through the spring and Autumn Period
For a generation of heroes, only through a lot of hardships can they grow up as soon as possible. Three years later, a great famine broke out in the state of Chu. The Dayong kingdom in the northwest United with the rebel forces around the state of Chu and took the opportunity to overthrow the country governed by the young king. In a moment, it was all around &\8221; Yong &\8221; Song, even the gates of Shen and Xi counties in the north had to be closed tightly. After all, King Zhuang of Chu was a powerful leader. In the name of fighting against Dayong, he firmly controlled the military power of the Chu state. With the stratagem of seven wars and seven defeats, he United Qin and Pakistan to attack Dayong state before and after. Finally, he wiped out the great trouble of the Chu state, thus establishing his absolute position in the Chu army.
In the sixth year, he
success
Defeated the state of song. In the eighth year, he defeated the Rong nationality of Luhun (now the northeast of Song County, Henan Province). After that, King Zhuang of Chu took his powerful master of Chu to the Yellow River, inquired about the Central Plains, arrived at Luoshui, and went directly to Luoyi, the capital of the Zhou royal family, and demonstrated at the border of the Zhou royal family. According to the records of Zuo Zhuan, the third year of Xuangong; Watching soldiers in Zhoujiang;. At that time, when King Ding of Zhou was in power, the Zhou family appeared to be the co owner of the world. In fact, there was only a small area around Luoshui. The royal family of the Zhou Dynasty was so scared that they sent their eloquent Minister Wang Sunman to comfort the Chu master. As soon as King Zhuang of Chu saw Wang sun man, he asked directly how important the nine tripods were. It is said that the nine tripods were cast by Xia Yu, symbolizing the nine states of China. They were regarded as the treasure of the country by the Xia, Shang and Wednesday dynasties, and also the symbol of the common master of the world. It is also said that during the reign of King Zhao of Zhou Dynasty, when he attacked Chu in the south, King Zhao drowned by the Han River and carried a Xia Ding. When King Zhuang of Chu asked Jiuding, it was self-evident that he wanted to replace Zhou. According to the records in Zuo Zhuan, the third year of Xuangong, Wang Sunman answered tactfully: &\8221; Virtue is not in the tripod… Although Zhou De is declining, the destiny has not changed, and the importance of the tripod cannot be asked&# 8221; Although a strong country can take advantage of itself, it is necessary to govern the country by virtue. Although King Zhuang of Chu was a famous leader of a generation, he could not refute Wang Sunman for a while. According to the records of the historical records of Chu aristocratic family, he had to say bitterly: &\8221; The beak of the state of Chu is enough to make nine tripods&# 8221; The state of Chu can cast nine tripods by folding the iron tip from the spear. When the dying Zhou royal family saw that the Chu people had retreated from the army, they felt that they had just pretended to be dead and resurrected. They were still very angry. When the Chu army returned to Yingdu, it encountered the rebellion of ruoao, which should be the most dangerous moment in his life for King Zhuang of Chu. Otherwise, he would not raise &\8221; Three Wang Wei Zhi &\8221; Scheme.
Finally, he won the victory by taking the lead in the face of danger. At this time, sunkehuang, douziwen of the ruao family, who was then Zhenyin, was on his way out of the state of Qi. On his way back to the state of song, he heard the news that the family rebellion had been suppressed. He still returned home to reply to King Zhuang of Chu, and took the initiative to plead guilty. King Zhuang of Chu said a word that touched history. According to the records of Zuo Zhuan, the fourth year of Xuangong: &\8221; Zi Wen has no empress, why do you persuade kindness&# 8221; Ke Huang was not relieved of his position as a provost and was renamed &\8221; Generate &\8221;. Around King Zhuang of Chu
Warfare
Its outstanding wisdom is indeed extraordinary. History has never linked war with benevolence and righteousness. Song Xianggong, who was an old-fashioned man, tried it and was laughed at and scolded for centuries. From the examples we can give, can’t King Zhuang of Chu call it &\8221; Benevolence and righteousness in war &\8221; Do you? It’s just his relationship with song Xianggong; Benevolence and righteousness &\8221; A world apart.
In the age of King Zhuang of Chu, the attack on Zheng Nai’s family’s regular meals, I think maybe there were too many attacks on Zheng. In the end, the Chu people didn’t even bother to find an excuse for the war. During an attack on Zheng, I heard that Zheng capital was crying in unison. It turned out that it was caused by divination. Zheng people divined and cried at the Taimiao for good, so the people in the city wailed in unison. Thinking that this was a landscape that had never been seen before, King Zhuang of Chu listened attentively. He was very puzzled and muttered. It seems that Zheng people are afraid of being beaten. Let’s step back and let them be sad for a while. Let those old, weak, sick and disabled leave. Don’t ruin too many lives. So, let Zheng people withdraw their troops? He sighed. However, seeing that divination played a role, the people of the state of Zheng were busy building a gap in the city wall between the withdrawal of the Chu army, which made the Chu army attack for three more months before the fall of the state of Zheng. At this time, Duke Xiang Zheng, the king of a country, came up with a bitter plan. He walked out of the city gate to meet King Zhuang of Chu with his bare upper body and thorns on his back and a sheep. It is said that this kind of bareback affair was handed down from the Shang Dynasty. It is a sign of self humiliation and acceptance of punishment. I still remember that when King Wen of Chu conquered Cai, marquis AI Cai also stripped off his clothes. King Zhuang of Chu asked him why he was capricious in the Jin and Chu dynasties. Zheng Xianggong wept and said that a small country has no initiative when it is born between powerful powers. Since it is my sin, please punish me. It has nothing to do with these poor subjects. King Zhuang of Chu was moved. Such a humble person, such a person who can bow down to be a minister, the country can not be abolished, the city can not be broken, and people can not be defeated! So we decided on an alliance under the city and returned home.
We still clearly remember that the battle of Chengpu, the grandfather of King Zhuang of Chu, made Duke Wen of Jin famous and dominant, but it was a great humiliation to the people of Chu. At the time of King Zhuang of Chu, the state of Chu won the battle of Jin and Ying. The right-hand man of King Zhuang of Chu wanted to stack the corpses of the enemies on the ground and show off the great courage of the Chu division to the world. King Zhuang of Chu expressed his unique views on the war: &\8221; A man of the martial arts is a man of the martial arts… A man of the martial arts is a man of the abundant material, who forbids violence, subdues soldiers, protects power, calms people, harmonizes with the others&# 8221; As far as the depth is concerned, there are too many wars in the 20th century, and the military thoughts of their leaders may not surpass those of King Zhuang of Chu; War is a means to achieve peace &\8221; This thesis makes modern people reflect. During the war with Song Dynasty, the city was besieged for nine months. In the song capital city, it reached &\8221; Eat by exchanging seeds and cook by separating bones &\8221; The extent of. The reason is the alliance between song and Jin. Jin’s new army was defeated in Ying and dared not come to rescue it. Song people stuck to it and fought to the end. The state of song invited the Jin army twice and again, and the Jin people had to send a doctor Xie yang to appease the people. This man was unlucky. He was captured by the Chu army before the Song Dynasty. The Chu forced him to shout. However, he had a bit of backbone and was sent to the city by the Chu people, shouting that the persistence of the state of song was victory. Chu generals saw that he was so ungrateful, so they would cut him with a knife. However, King Zhuang of Chu waved his hand and said that this man was a loyal minister and fulfilled his mission. Although he was an enemy, he should also be respected, so he put the man who did harm to the people of Chu back to Jin. This has also left a model for future generations. A man whose bones are so hard that even the enemy will admire him can go down in history.
Is it a blessing or a misfortune for the country to have beautiful women? According to historical records, misfortune is more than luck, because most of them are women’s misfortunes. Xia Ji is the most beautiful woman in the spring and Autumn period. She is too bad for the country (for her story, it should be specially said). She was born in Zheng and married in Chen. After her husband died, she fell in love with the three princes of the state of Chen. After they had fun, they dared to make fun of her son xiazhengshu and talk to each other about their own lives. Xia Zhengshu was so angry that he shot Chen linggong to death. At the request of two traitors, King Zhuang of Chu attacked the state of Chen, intending to invade it. Marquis Shen persuaded him that the king’s attack on Chen was a just act, which could have been respected by people all over the world. However, after the county was established, the nature of the expedition changed and became a wolf in sheep’s clothing. In this way, who in the world will trust the king again? What will the king command the world in the future? King Zhuang of Chu soon realized that he was allowed to restore the country and return to Ying. Confucius once exclaimed: &\8221; Xianzai, King Zhuang of Chu! Light the country of thousands of times, but pay more attention to the faith of one word. If you are not loyal to Shen Shushi, you can build his righteousness; He who is not the sage of the king of Chu Zhuang cannot be taught by him&# 8221;
3. a king who is good at thinking will become a leader
King Zhuang of Chu did not love beauties and horses, which was almost absurd. When he attacked Chen, he listened to the suggestion of marquis Shen and brought back the beautiful Xiaji instead of the county. Did he see such a beautiful woman and not be moved? Thinking of how his great grandfather had learned that madam Xi Hou Youxi had taken advantage of her, it seemed that he was not the blood of the king of Chu. Perhaps it was his great restraint that made him give up that natural creature, and she could only be given to one of his subjects. However, an open and covert struggle over this beautiful woman was inevitable, which also laid a hidden danger for the decline of the state of Chu. We assume that if King Zhuang of Chu brought her into the harem, perhaps this hidden danger would not exist, but perhaps the state of Chu would face a greater disaster. History can’t assume that from this event, it shows how rational he is.
However, according to the historical records, the funny biographies, King Zhuang of Chu had a magnificent and elegant horse. Because he spoiled him too much, he let him wear colorful brocade clothes, live in a magnificent palace, sleep on ornate carpets, eat cut jujube breast, and use 50 people to serve him. Ma Ming was unable to enjoy the treatment of human beings. If he did not move for a long time, he naturally got obesity and died. Its death, however, made the king very sad. He wanted to bury it with the courtesy of the doctor and ordered all the officials to bury it. Such absurd orders also said that anyone who dared to advise on the burial of horses would be killed without mercy! Hearing this, the court clown Youmeng burst into tears. He cried and said that he should be buried as a king, so that people all over the world will know how expensive and cheap the king is. King Zhuang of Chu did not punish the man who made him lose face. Instead, he quickly woke up and changed his original intention. Although this is his flaw, it is the kind of disgusting. All Ming monarchs have one thing in common, that is, they listen to different opinions and have a strong sense of introspection. In addition, his two attitudes towards his wife can fully explain his generosity and generosity.
Speaking of related stories, there is an idiom &\8221; Chu Zhuang jueying &\8221;. In fact, there are many idioms from King Zhuang of Chu, such as &\8221; After three days of detour, I can’t stop listening &\8221; And so on, because he once owned a Raoliang Qin. Of course, this idiom has too many origins. Just &\8221; Chuzhuang jueying &\8221; This idiom must be the only one with no other branch. The ancients paid great attention to economy because of their low productivity. They ate twice a day. It was &\8221 at 8:00 a.m; Dashi &\8221;, More than 4:00 p.m. &\8221; Snack &\8221;, The day passed. In the evening, go to bed early to avoid wasting lamp oil. Even the royal family is no exception. It is said to be a tradition left over from the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. We &\8221; Chuzhuang jueying &\8221; There is little difference between this story and this legend. It is estimated that it is a grand festival in the state of Chu, or is it? The generals had not had enough fun when it was time to turn on the lights and refused to leave the banquet. Seeing this, the king of Chuzhuang ordered to light an oil lamp, light a candlestick and continue drinking and singing. He also ordered Xu Ji and Maggie beside him to give a toast to the generals. It is night. When the palace is full of lights and wine, there are many people. In addition, he is drunk. His feelings and scenery have a lasting charm, which is intoxicating. Suddenly, a gust of wind hit the palace, as if to make King Zhuang I wise, blowing out all the lights. In the dark night, before the two beautiful girls returned to the king, Xu Ji was touched by a coward. This was a flirting event with a risk coefficient of 100%. The man who made the move was not yet happy. He was so scared that a cold sweat broke out because Xu Ji tore off the tassel on his hat. When Xu Ji returned to the throne, she whispered to the king that someone had molested my concubine. I had pulled out his tassel. After holding the lamp, I could see the person who had lost his tassel. Please punish the king. However, after hearing Xu Ji’s words, King Zhuang of Chu issued a unique order. We might as well try it before we drink in the dark. So, there was a warm echo in the dark, only listening to a burst of wine breaking sound, connected into a piece of &\8221; Gudu &\8221; The sound of drinking is very interesting. King Zhuang of Chu gave another order, why not pull off his hat tassel and drink three times to express his desire to enjoy himself. Although the generals did not understand their intentions, they adored their leaders, because leaders often made unexpected moves to lead them from one victory to another. When the lamp was lit up again, King Zhuang of Chu saw that everyone wore their hats in an inappropriate way, none of them in good condition, and the shapes were very interesting. They were either worn sideways or askew, or even wore their hats backwards. He pointed at each other and burst into laughter. Xu Ji was very unhappy. King Zhuang of Chu comforted him that if he wanted to be punished, he should be punished. It was the king who told them to drink freely. It was reasonable that they would behave abnormally after getting drunk.
Later, when King Zhuang of Chu attacked the state of Zheng, there was a man named Tang Xian who was very brave. He seized the pass and killed the generals, and repeatedly made miraculous achievements. King Zhuang of Chu wanted to give him special praise, but he declined. When asked why, he admitted that he was the man who broke Xu Ji’s hat. He was able to kill the enemy bravely just to repay King Zhuang of Chu for his generosity. But King Zhuang of Chu seemed to obey his wife. King Zhuang of Chu liked hunting. He often brought his prey back, cooked it himself, and shared the pleasure of hunting with his wife. However, his wife became a vegetarian because she was afraid of the danger of his patrolling, so he had to stop hunting from now on, which was a bit similar to the meaning of Xie Zhiyin at the head of the tomb. When King Zhuang of Chu found out about sunshu’ao, it can be said that his wife had contributed a lot. King Zhuang of Chu liked to talk about world affairs with Lingyin Xiangguo. He would not return until late at night. Madam asked. King Zhuang of Chu gave a vague answer, which was too general to be meaningful. Madam, for example, I presided over the work of the harem, trying to introduce beautiful women with both ability and virtue to the king, so that the king could enjoy them without harming the harem. However, Ling Yin was superior to the king. Apart from recommending his own people as officials, he did not recommend a sage for the king. Is this a manifestation of loyalty to the king? After hearing this, King Zhuang of Chu felt justified and conveyed his wife’s words to Lingyin Xiangguo, hoping to understand his reason. Ling Yin was so scared that he was in a cold sweat that he was busy digging for talents in Chu during the day. As a result, a generation of virtuous Prime Minister Sun shuao was pushed onto the historical stage. According to the records in Lu’s spring and Autumn Annals: &\8221; All the people in the world are lucky that sun shuao met the king of Jingzhuang.
“ The five hegemons of the spring and Autumn Period refer to Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Xiang of song, Duke Wen of Jin, Duke mu of Qin and King Zhuang of Chu. Although Duke Huan of Qi made outstanding contributions, it was difficult for him to perform in the northeast corner of China; Song Xianggong scrupulously abides by benevolence, righteousness and morality, which is as annoying as a corrupt Confucian; Duke Wen of Jin has been on the move for half his life. He has weathered the weather and tasted the warmth and coldness of the world. Although he became a tyrant in the first war, it is only a few years. He is very vindictive and beats those who give him the cold shoulder one by one; Duke mu of Qin is simple but not cute. Except for Duke mu of Qin, these overlords all dominated for a time. History has left them a great name, but we unconsciously want to make a comparison with them. Only in this way can we show the excellence of King Zhuang of Chu. King Zhuang of Chu was young, handsome and courageous. He had been in power for 23 years and had expanded his territory for 3000 Li.
As mentioned above, he has a strong ability to judge current affairs and is good at forbearance. He knows people and makes good use of them. He uses talents regardless of their style. Be able to find useful talents in crisis, such as Wu Ju and Su Cong. Here is a story about him using talents, which shows his principles. The king of Chu Zhuang used Shi Qing, who dared to admonish him, as his prime minister. His favorite ministers were puzzled and unconvinced. King Zhuang told him the following truth: the loyalty of favoured ministers is only for the king, but Shi Qing is loyal to the country; The favorite minister only takes care of the king meticulously, but &\8221; Not as good as the country at home, not as good as the princes at abroad;, But Shi Qing put the country and the country first and pointed out my mistakes in time. Therefore, it is difficult for a favorite minister to have the personality, talent and morality of a minister, but he can be rich and can not be distinguished. In view of such a standard of employment, he put Jia in important position. Later, he captured Xie Yang, a doctor of the state of Jin alive, which temporarily shocked the Central Plains. When he found grassroots sun shuao, he made an exception and promoted him to the position of Lingyin Xiangguo. He didn’t get angry at his confrontation. In the age of King Zhuang of Chu, there were many talents, which had a lot to do with his exceptional promotion. He is also good at listening to opinions from all sides. For example, you Meng wailed for a horse. He was a lowly man. His wailing admonition made King Zhuang of Chu issue &\8221; The fault of a few people is almost &\8221; Sigh.
Self discipline, self-examination and self-criticism. According to the old story of Zhugong, King Zhuang of Chu prayed to the mountains and rivers. Heaven should not forget him, a man of few virtues, and should give him a warning of disaster! This is a far cry from some emperors who have made up their mistakes and made great achievements. The battle between Jin and Chu was a great victory for Chu. His trusted official suggested that he take the Jin soldiers’ bones &\8221; The Jin master thought that the Jingguan Temple;, This view of mediocrity disappointed King Zhuang of Chu. I feel that I am a mediocre monarch, so I have such a lowly minister. I return to the imperial court, do not eat millet in Japan and China, and review my own mistakes. King Zhuang of Chu’s great talent and broad vision made him a well deserved leader of a generation in the long river of history.