The four evil spirits are the four evil spirits who were exiled to the four sides by Emperor Shun in ancient China. The four evils are recorded in Zuo Zhuan and Shi Ji, but the content is not the same. The following is a detailed introduction to China story network. Let’s continue to read.
Zuo Qiuming of the spring and Autumn period mentioned in Zuo Zhuan · the 18th year of Wengong that during the reign of Yao, Gao Yang had Qi shengguangyuan, and Ming Yun was sincere; Gao Xin’s “eight yuan” of loyalty, solemnity and loyalty, and Xuan Cihui and he was not put in an important position by Yao although he had both moral integrity and ability. “Hundun”, a talented person of the emperor Hong’s family, “qiongqi”, a talented person of the SHAOHAO family, “Taowu”, a talented person of Zhuan Xu’s family, and “Taotie”, a talented person of the Jinyun family, were at large for their crimes. It was not until Shun became the Minister of Yao that the “eight Kai” and “eight yuan” were put into use, and the “four evils” ended up in exile on the border. It was precisely because Shun had the noble character of recommending talents and dismissing vulgar ones that he could be praised as the son of heaven after Yao died. Up to now, the virtuous names of “Gao Yang Ba Kai” and “Gao Xin Ba yuan” have long been unknown, while the bad name of “four evils” has been left for thousands of years.
There are two versions of the names of the four evils. One is that the “four evils” were originally the four great evils in ancient times. The “Dihong”, “SHAOHAO”, “Jinyun” and the “Zhuanxu” were not talented children. They just used the names of the four great evils to compare people with animals. On the other hand, it is believed that the “four evils” were originally human names, but later there were fierce animals that were consistent with the inferiority of the “four evils”, so they were named after the “four evils” by comparing animals to people. No matter which comes first or later, let’s understand the “four evils” as the four big beasts and talk about them briefly.
“Hundun”
It is also known as chaos. Because it originated from the emperor Hong’s family, it also got the name “emperor River” by mistake. Hundun’s evil: concealing the righteous and hiding the thief, being good at evil, being ugly and evil, being stubborn and unfriendly, and comparing with Zhou.
It is precisely because hundun covers up morality and covers up evil and likes to mix with ignorant people, Therefore, it is described in the book of Shenyi as: “it looks like a dog, has long hair, four feet, looks like a bear without claws, has eyes but does not see, can not walk, has two ears but does not hear, has people’s intelligence, has stomach without five hidden parts, has a straight but not rotating intestine, and has a path of eating. People have virtue and go to conflict with it, and have evil virtue and rely on it. It is called chaos. People who live empty and do nothing often look at their tail, turn to the sky and laugh.”
It is like a bear without claws, implying that it has only its surface; It means that they do not listen to education; But they can not see and smell, but they can know that someone is coming, and they also take the initiative to approach, implying that it is good; There is a belly without five viscera, and there is a intestine without rotation. It implies that it is a man with a bag of wine and a bag of rice. Attacking people with virtue and shielding people with evil virtue are really dogs. Therefore, he used the phrase “empty dwelling and inaction, often staring at its tail, turning to the sky and laughing.” This extremely ironic description implies that hundun and his like are no different from dogs.
The description of hundun in Shenyi Jing is more satirical than realistic, so the image of hundun in Shanhai Jing Xishan Jing is more recognized by the world.
“There is a divine bird, whose shape is like a yellow bag, its red is like a red fire, its six feet and four wings, and its appearance is muddy. It knows songs and dances, but it is really only the emperor river.”
Dijiang (i.e. “hundun”) [Japanese Edo period] strange birds and animals
Although he has no face, he knows songs and dances. It can be seen that hundun can be regarded as a senior folk art lover, but he can discuss with the dragon “prisoner cow” who also likes music.
“Poor and strange”
Poverty and wonder come from SHAOHAO. The evil of poverty and wonder: destroying faith and abolishing loyalty, worshiping and embellishing evil words, calming people and returning to their homes, and subjecting them to slander and slander, in order to slander Shengde.
Poor Qi is similar to hundun to a certain extent. Hundun will take the initiative to attack those who have virtue and cover up those who have evil virtue, while poor Qi will go even further. It is said that if poor Qi encounters a dispute between two people in the street, he will swallow up the good without saying a word, and reward the evil. Therefore, he is known as a vicious beast.
Of course, this kind of saying is only a folk legend, and no corresponding source has been found. Even in the book of divinities and mysteries, there are only records of the other three evils, and only the poor and strange are missing. In addition, in the book of rites of the later Han Dynasty written by Fan Ye of the [Eastern Han Dynasty], poor Qi was even listed as one of the “Twelve divine animals”: “Jia eats miscellaneous food, the sulfhydric stomach eats the tiger, the male eats the demon, the tengjian eats the ominous food, takes all the food blame, the Boqi eats the dream, the qiangliang and the Zuming eat the dead parasites together, the Commission follows the food view, and the poor Qi and the Teng root eat the insects together.” It means that “poor Qi” is also a auspicious animal that eats “Gu”.
Poor Qi [Ming] Wang Qi and Wang Siyi’s “three talents map meeting”
As for the image of poor Qi, there are two completely different descriptions in the book of mountains and seas. It is recorded in the book of mountains and seas and the book of Xishan: it is 260 miles west and is called Lushan Mountain. There is an animal on it. It looks like an ox and has hedgehog hair. It is called qiongqi and sounds like a dog. It is cannibal. However, the book of mountains and seas · the book of the north of the sea says: “the poor and strange look like a tiger, with wings. The cannibals start from the beginning, and the food they eat is distributed in the north of the dog. One day from the foot.”
One says it is like a hedgehog’s hair, another says it is like a tiger with wings. Because it can eat people, there are many people in the world. The latter is right.
“Machine”
Tao Tao is also known as arrogant and hard to train. The sin of Tao Tao Tao is that it can’t be taught. If you don’t know what to say, you’ll be stubborn if you tell it. If you give it up, you’ll be arrogant. It’s very clear and virtuous, and it’s often chaotic.
The description in Zuo Zhuan · the 18th year of Wengong is also different from other “three evils”.
“In the past, Emperor Hong had no talent… SHAOHAO had no talent… Zhuanxu had no talent… Jinyun had no talent…”
The other three evildoers are “Dihong”, “SHAOHAO” and “Jinyun”. However, Tao Tao has no “Zhuanxu” surname. After all, Zhuan Xu is only a person, not a clan. Zhuan Xu is the leader of the Gaoyang family, which is exactly the Gaoyang family mentioned above. That is to say, the other “three evils” are only the descendants of the members of the three major tribes, but Tao is the son of the tribal leader and the authentic lineal lineage of the Huang nationality. Should the “huangzu” here be written as “huangzu”? No, it’s more accurate to use “Huang nationality”, because Taowu’s great grandfather was the famous Yellow Emperor.
“The painting of three talents” by Wang Qi and Wang Siyi
The description of Taotao in Shenyi Jing is as follows: there are animals in the western wilderness. They look like tigers and have dog hair. They are two feet long. The human face is tiger feet, the pig’s mouth teeth and the tail is one foot eight feet long. They are called Taotao. One is arrogant and cruel, and the other is difficult to train.
It looks like a tiger but has dog hair and pig teeth. This is a metaphor for his bullying and disobeying admonition like a pig.
“Gluttonous”
Although Taotie is one of the four evils, it is also regarded as one of the dragons. It is good at eating and is regarded as a greedy beast by the world. The crime of gluttonous eating: greedy for food, risking goods and bribes, invading the desire to worship extravagance, not getting tired of it, accumulating and accumulating real things, not knowing how to keep track of the times, not distinguishing between the poor and the poor.
The biggest controversy about gluttonous food belongs to its image.
[Warring States period] LV Buwei wrote in the Lu’s spring and Autumn Annals – a Book of first knowledge: “Zhou Ding’s book is gluttonous. There is a head but no body. The cannibal does not swallow the harm to his body, and it is better to report it with words.”
However, there are two views on the image of “gluttonous” in the book of divinities.
“Taotie is the name of an animal. It is like a sheep, with a human face and eyes under its armpits. It eats people.” It seems that it only introduces the gluttonous food, and it is difficult to understand its profound meaning. On the other hand, it is more in line with the author’s style: “there are people in the southwest. They are hairy and wear rags on their heads. They are greedy and vicious. They accumulate money but do not use it. They are good at seizing people’s grain. The strong seize the old and the weak. They are afraid of the strong and attack the single. It is called Taotie.” His greedy, vicious and insidious image is vividly depicted.
Taotie [Ming] Wang Qi and Wang Siyi’s “three talents map meeting”
Roe deer owl (i.e. “Taotie”): the painting of mountains and seas (Qing Dynasty)
To sum up, it is said that “ignorance hides evil; poverty and curiosity betray faith and loyalty; Tao is stubborn; gluttonous, gluttonous and extravagant”. Although it is not known whether human beings are compared to animals or animals are compared to humans, the meaning behind the “four evils” is really conceivable.
Attached is the original text of Zuo Zhuan · the 18th year of Wengong:
In the past, there were eight talented people in Gaoyang family, Cang Shu, decadent, Yi Yin, Da Lin, Long Jiang, Ting Jian, Zhong Rong, Shu Da, Qi Shengguang yuan, Ming Yun, and sincere. The people in the world are called eight Kai. There were eight talented people in Gao Xin’s family, including Bo Fen, Zhong Kan, Shu Xian, Ji Zhong, Bo Hu, Zhong Xiong, Shu Bao, Ji Li, Zhong Su, Gong Yi, Xuan Cihui and he. The people in the world call it eight yuan. These 16 ethnic groups also enjoy the beauty of the world, and their names do not fall. As far as Yao is concerned, Yao cannot mention them. Shun, Minister Yao, raised the eight kais, and made him the Lord of the land. He was the premier of Pepsi. There was no time sequence, and the earth was peaceful. Take eight yuan, so that the cloth five teachings in the four directions, father righteousness, mother kindness, brother and friend, brother and son filial piety, inner peace and outer success. In the past, the emperor Hongshi had a talented person, a hidden thief, a good murderer, an ugly person, and a stubborn friend. He was called hundun by the people of the world. SHAOHAO family has no talent, destroys faith and abolishes loyalty, worships and embellishes evil words, calms down and returns, and serves slander and searches for evil deeds to slander Shengde. The people in the world are called poor and strange. Zhuan Xu had no talent and could not be taught. He didn’t know what to say. If he told him, he would be stubborn. If he gave him up, he would be arrogant. He was very clear and virtuous. He was so arrogant that he would disturb the heaven and the people in the world would call him an immortal. These three ethnic groups also helped their enemies and increased their bad reputation, so that Yao could not go. Jinyun family has talented people, who are greedy for food and drink, risk goods and bribes, invade the desire to worship extravagance, and cannot get tired of it. They accumulate wealth and accumulate wealth, and they do not know how to keep track of the times. They do not distinguish between orphans and widows, and do not sympathize with the poor. The people in the world are more vicious than the three, which is called gluttonous. Shun and Yao, the guests in the four gates, and the four vicious families, hundun, poor, strange, and gluttonous, threw themselves into the four ethnic groups to resist the charm. It is because Yao died and the world was like one, and the people of the same heart thought Shun was the son of heaven. They took the sixteen phases to eliminate the four evils. Therefore, the book of Yu recounts the achievements of Shun, saying that “be careful with the five codes of Hui and the five codes of obedience”, and there is no violation of religion. He said, “when a hundred premier is appointed, the time sequence of a hundred premier is the same.” there is no waste. They say, “guests are at the four gates, and the four gates are Mu Mu.” there are no murderers. Disclaimer: the above content is from the Internet, and the copyright belongs to the original author. If your original copyright is infringed, please inform us, and we will delete the relevant content as soon as possible.