When Zhugeliang left Longzhong to follow Liu Bei, he repeatedly warned his brother to look after his home and that he would come back in the future. Many years later, when he was a supreme minister and the second most important person in Shu Han, he said in his memorial to the empress: “there are 800 mulberry trees and 15 hectares of thin fields in Chengdu. His children have enough food and clothing. As for the minister, he has no other choice. He has no choice but to carry food and clothing with him. He will respect the official and will not cure other people. If the minister dies, he will not have surplus silk inside and win money outside, so as to bear his majesty.” At this time, Zhugeliang could no longer return to his youth, but he hoped that his descendants would be able to support themselves and be confined to farming. Does this explain Zhugeliang’s indifference to his character (he once said that he was indifferent to his ambition, quiet and far-reaching), or does it mean that he knew from the beginning that he was fighting a war that was impossible to win, and engaged in a career that knew what he could not do?
In his book “looking at organization from history”, Xu zhuoyun made an image positioning analysis of Zhugeliang and his career with the metaphor of modern enterprises, He said: “Zhugeliang was in the middle of a long battle. He expected that the world would still have a bright future. He didn’t expect that the available capital would be reduced by more than half. He didn’t expect to open up a soft market, and he didn’t want to borrow money. But because the chairman of the board did something wrong, Liu Bei put the capital of Jingzhou on the gambling table and lost it all. When the Duke of Guan was defeated, Liu Bei didn’t listen to Zhugeliang’s advice, and gathered the strength of the whole country to attack the eastern Wu for 700 miles. This spirit was used The big gamble on business reduced the capital by half. In other words, Zhugeliang cleaned up the mess and had to do double and a half of the business with half the capital – of course not. Chairman Liu Bei made this wrong decision, but Zhugeliang had to clean up the mess. Zhugeliang lost his life, but he still couldn’t clean up. Therefore, Shuhan was defeated not by ah Dou but by Liu Bei, which made general manager Zhugeliang irretrievable. Zhugeliang also knew that it would be difficult to accomplish anything. The reason why he still went out of the Qi mountains six times and attacked the Central Plains nine times was to repay Liu Bei emotionally for doing one more point. Knowing the consequences, Zhugeliang devoted himself to death and died at the age of 54. In fact, even if he lives 20 more years, the result may not change. “
Liu Bei was kind to Zhugeliang and regarded him as a fish and water relationship. This naturally made Zhugeliang, a Confucian, have the determination to die for his confidants. However, Zhugeliang was a person who was persistent and tolerant and had a degree of integrity in personality, which certainly made this determination as firm as a rock from the day he made up his mind. In his later years, Zhugeliang was outside the Jinguan City, beside the Huanhua river. Did he regret his choice in life? Because when Liu Bei went his own way and lost not only Jingzhou but also the most basic national strength of Shuhan, it was impossible for Zhugeliang to realize his great future in Longzhong. Would Zhugeliang feel that following Liu Bei was a wrong choice in life?
In the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when a large number of powerful people were divided into independent regimes, the status of the princes should be said to be equal. They were all ministers of the Eastern Han Dynasty. They all supported the troops and respected themselves ambitiously because of the chaos in the world. Therefore, in essence, Liu Bei did not share the same surname as the emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it is said that he was a descendant of Liu Sheng, King Jing of Zhongshan (this descendant had been bloodless than water for hundreds of years), Thus, it has greater appeal or cohesion – calling Liu Bei “Uncle Huang” and believing that the people’s deep love for him is just the words of Luo Guanzhong’s novels, which should not be true. Therefore, before Zhugeliang lived in seclusion in Longzhong and went out of the mountain, he could take refuge in anyone at that time. Among “anyone”, Cao Cao, as the Prime Minister of the Han Dynasty, was also brilliant and broad-minded, and could be regarded as the best candidate for Zhugeliang to take refuge; In addition, when he had children, he was like Sun Quan of sunzhongmou, and even Yuan Shao, who was in possession of Hebei at that time. Every Lord was much more powerful than Liu Bei. Before he took up Zhugeliang, Liu Bei was always in a panic like a lost dog. He went to gongsunzan, Lv Bu, Cao Cao and others, and only got a piece of the pie from Liu Biao in Xinye.
Therefore, if we visualize the Three Kingdoms as a modern enterprise like Xu zhuoyun, Zhugeliang has obviously entered a company with poor performance and weak follow-up; On the contrary, for powerful companies like Cao Cao and Sun Quan, Zhugeliang easily let them go because the chairman of the board did not give Zhugeliang a false courtesy. He is determined to work for Liu’s group, not because the company is a blue chip stock with a bright and broad future, but because its chairman is grateful to him and thirsty for talents.
Therefore, Zhugeliang was moved. He changed his life plan of risking his life in troubled times, so he allowed himself to drive away, and from then on he was tied to the chariot of Liu’s group& lt;!&# 8211; end–& gt;
Therefore, the Chinese intellectuals were also moved. From then on, they believed that a scholar would die if he was a confidant, even if the confidant was a false trust, a show, or a wolf in sheep’s clothing.
Therefore, Chinese intellectuals always lament that they were unlucky to meet Liu Bei’s master who was so polite and virtuous when remembering Zhugeliang, a model of scholars.
Therefore, the slaves who did not find a good master always felt sorry for themselves and complained about their lack of talent in their poems.
Do what you know you can’t do
Zhugeliang’s “a teacher’s example” is one of the best articles in a thousand years. It has long been read by lonely ministers and angry people in adversity. 1700 years later, it was even selected into the Chinese teaching materials of middle schools. Is it to teach us to be a loyal person who knows what to do?
A few years ago, I once wrote a short article, that is, I sent it out for “a teacher’s example”. Its full text is as follows:
Suddenly, I was under the illusion that it was a long-distance father’s earnest instruction to his son who stayed in his hometown.
However, the three words “Minister Liang Yan” at the beginning of the article mercilessly show that this is just a memorial to your father by a minister who went on an expedition.
From pointing out the crisis of “today’s three points, Yizhou is tired” to the exhortation of “whether it is appropriate to be honest, punitive or not, it is not suitable for similarities and differences”, Zhuge’s heart can be said that people and gods can learn from each other. During his life, he captured Meng Huo, determined the south, went out of the Qi mountains and conquered the Central Plains, and indeed fulfilled his pledge of “spare no effort and die before you die”. However, I am afraid that Zhugeliang would not believe that the kingdom of Shu Han, which he had painstakingly supported all his life, was defeated only 20 years after his death by liuchan, the monarch who had placed infinite hope on him.
Liu Chan’s mediocrity and incompetence and Zhugeliang’s resourcefulness are well known. Even the former leader Liu Bei had to say to Zhugeliang on his deathbed: “you are ten times as talented as Cao Pi, and you will be able to settle the country and decide major events. If your descendants can help you, you can help them; if you are not talented, you can be the leader of Chengdu.”
Liu Bei seems to mean that if his son liuchan is incompetent, Zhugeliang can be the king of Shu by himself. Many people praised Liu Bei’s generosity and magnanimity. In fact, it is a great fallacy! This move is exactly a poisonous trick that Liu Bei used to push Zhugeliang to work hard for his stupid son.
With the hypocrisy and cunning of Liu Bei’s whole life, Anning did not know the foolish loyalty thought of Zhugeliang’s intellectual temperament of scrupulously abiding by the official way and returning the favor? How can you not know that your son is Liu Adou who can’t help you? Liu Bei’s hard to get tactics made Zhugeliang never dare to move the “thief’s heart” of abolishing the owner’s independence. At that time, “when Kongming heard this, his face was full of sweat and he was at a loss. He sobbed and bowed to the ground and said, ‘I am an. I dare not spare my strength, do my best to be loyal, and then I will die!’ he said, kowtowing and bleeding.” (see the annals of the Three Kingdoms)
From then on, with Zhugeliang’s wisdom, intelligence and ability, he had to listen to Liu Chan’s stupidity, stupidity and stupidity.