Inventory of top ten historical figures in 2021

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The noisy, complicated and eventful year of 2021 has finally passed.

Life and death are as usual, but some people have long died, but “live” in hot search, “live” on the screen, “live” in your and my circle of friends, “live” in the present

I love history, especially for you: top ten historical figures in 2021.

They give us spirit, warmth, touching, reflection and crying with songs.

As the poet said:

Some people are alive, but they are dead;

Some people are dead, but he is still alive.

Fusheng: sorry to make you cry

At the beginning of the year, China in classics was broadcast, and we saw the familiar teacher Su Daqiang and Ni Dahong on the screen. But this time, instead of lying flat asking for money, he became

Oh, no, I have become a grey haired old man over nineties.

This time, leaning on his crutches, he said slowly: “I have read, protected and passed on Shangshu for more than 90 years. Now I will?

book

?I have no regrets about returning to the world. “

? nidahong plays Fu Sheng in China in classics. Source: program screenshot

Nidahong once again brought her role to life with her superb acting skills. She was a historical figure more than 2000 years ago – Fu Sheng, a Confucian scholar of the Western Han Dynasty.

? image source: screenshot of social platform

Qinshihuang issued a harsh order to burn books, burning hundreds of classics such as the bookofsongs, Shangshu and so on. Officials also stipulated that if people talked about the bookofsongs and the Shangshu, they would be sentenced to death and exposed in the streets as a warning.

Under such a severe ban, people all over the world probably think that only the Xianyang palace of Qin Dynasty has a “unique copy” of the classics of various scholars.

After all, an ant colony, who dares to take the risk of beheading the emperor? It’s just a book. It’s not worth it.

But there are such people in the world.

Fusheng, formerly known as Fusheng, is also Dr. Qin. After learning that the king of Qin ordered the book to be burned, Fu Sheng felt deeply inappropriate, but he was too modest to change the facts. Therefore, he could only take advantage of his position to secretly hide hundreds of Shangshu at the risk of death in case of a reappearance in the future.

? Fusheng portrait. Source: Network

A few years later, Xiangyu set off a fire in Xianyang, which burned the ancient books and records of the Qin Dynasty to ashes. The responsibility in Fusheng’s heart is even heavier.

Under the chaos of war, Fu Sheng, with his wife and children, and a cart of classics, set out on his way home. But after thousands of difficulties, only he and his letters returned to their hometown in Jinan. Because, on the way to escape, his wife and children all died for protecting the book.

Because his hometown also suffered from the war, Fusheng hid the classics in the cracks of the wall of his hometown. After that, he was alone and displaced. As for the book of history, which is valued as a treasure, Fu Sheng can do nothing but silently pray for its peace in his heart.

This anxiety has lasted for more than 20 years.

In the early Han Dynasty, after the world was settled, Fusheng returned to Shandong. In the fourth year of emperor Hui (191 BC), the Han Dynasty abolished the order to coerce books, and Fu Sheng dug out the classics in the wall. But at this time, there were only twenty-eight complete Shangshu in the wall, and the remaining dozens had long been “broken and scattered”, becoming fragmented. Fu Sheng was so distressed that he had to do his best to teach Shangshu locally according to his memory and accumulation.

? [Ming Dynasty] Du pansy’s the picture of Fusheng teaching scriptures (part). Source: Network

When Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, he attached great importance to learning and sought people from all over the country who could read the Shangshu. After hearing about Fu Sheng, he called him to Beijing. However, at this time, Fusheng was too old to leave. Finally, Chao CuO was sent to visit Fusheng and asked him to teach him personally.

Some scholars believe that Fu Sheng was born in the late Warring States period. When Chao CuO saw him, he was over 90 years old and could not speak clearly. However, this did not hinder his pace of teaching. Even if it was forced, he would go on.

A lifetime of persistence is only for the belief in the heart: to pass on the classics.

Fushenghu’s book, a dialogue spanning twothousand years, really cried.

02 qianmiao: please have some snacks!

In May, Hangzhou held a briefing on the case of Qian Liu’s tomb excavation. At this point, the public was officially informed of the tomb theft case that took place two years ago for the first time.

? image source: screenshot of social platform

According to the circular, Qian Liu’s tomb was stolen in May, 2019, but it was not until ten months later that the public security organ found clues in its work that a task force was established. Subsequently, in May 2021, the suspects were not only arrested, but also all the stolen cultural relics were recovered. Such a result is a blessing in misfortune.

Who is Qian Liu?

A leader who is not interested in politics but focuses on development.

Qian Liu was born in the late Tang Dynasty. At first, he made a living selling salt. After he was recruited into the army, he soon won the trust of the central government because of his numerous military achievements. In the era of separatist regimes, although he supported the troops of Zhejiang and Zhejiang provinces, he was not proud of them, but warned his descendants to “never be emperor”.

? portrait of Qian Liu. Source: Network

In 902, the central government of the Tang Dynasty conferred Qian Liu the title of king of Yue. Five years later, Zhu Wen usurped the throne, changed the country’s name to Liang, and canonized Qian Liu as king of Wu and Yue.

At this time, the lower part of the hand will suggest Qian Liu to refuse the title and send troops to attack Zhu Wen. Qian Liu refused to send troops and swore before the Ministry to ensure that he would return to the Central Plains from generation to generation, not engage in secession, and protect the people from the suffering of war.

Throughout the Five Dynasties and ten states period, Qian Liu and his successors did not participate in various wars aimed at territorial expansion, but took “protecting the territory and the people, developing agriculture and commerce” as the basic national policy, paid attention to local governance, focused on economic development, and created a miracle in the most turbulent historical stage of China——

In the Central Plains, the people were in deep water. However, the state of Wu and Yue ushered in the best period of peaceful development. The people of Jiangnan lived and worked in peace and contentment and were never affected by war.

At that time, Wu and Yue had two-thirds of the world’s wealth. Taking this as a starting point, the Yangtze River Delta region has risen to be the richest region in China in the past millennium, which has had an impact so far.

? Jiangnan is still prosperous today. Source: Photographic network

Qian Liu used to say, “the people are the foundation of the country. The people are the most important, and the country comes second. If you don’t fight, you love the people.”

Without money, there would be no paradise on earth today.

In addition, Qian Liu’s love words, which are still very popular today, are also left for future generations: “flowers bloom on the street, but you can go back slowly.”

Such a diligent, loving and romantic leader, no wonder people love him.

Finally, in October and December of 2021, the court made first instance judgments on those involved in the theft of Qian Liu’s tomb, the mausoleum of the king of Wu and Yue. Among them, two major tomb robbers were sentenced to life imprisonment, while other cultural relics scalpers and two staff members who were in default were sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment ranging from 11 years and 10 months to two years.

As for the future protection of the royal mausoleum, I just want to say that the trouble is really a snack!

? Temple of King Qian in Hangzhou, statue of King Qian. Source: Photographic network

Hanwendi: congratulations on finding me

Some people have their tombs stolen; Some people, the tomb was found.

In 2016, archaeologists began to carry out systematic archaeological investigation and Exploration on the Jiangcun tomb and its surrounding tombs due to theft and disturbance of the original Jiangcun tomb in Bailu, Xi’an. It took nearly five years. In December, 2021, the State Administration of cultural relics finally announced that the Jiangcun tomb, about two kilometers away from the original PA Mausoleum (Fenghuang mouth), was the real burial place of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty.

? the location relationship between Jiangcun tomb and the original PA Mausoleum (fenghuangzui), Nanling mausoleum and empress Dou mausoleum. Source: Network

The news surprised everyone.

Surprise surprise.

Because Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty did not set up a fief, the site of the PA mausoleum has not been truly determined for more than 2000 years. The argument that the baling mausoleum is located near the mouth of the Phoenix is just a guess made by people based on historical records.

Since the Han Emperor Liu Bang, the emperor’s Mausoleum of the Western Han Dynasty has been located in the xianyangyuan area, and the emperor of the later Han Dynasty was mostly buried in the xianyangyuan area with his ancestors. Among them, only Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty chose another tomb site.

? there are nine imperial tombs of the Western Han Dynasty in Xianyang. Source: screenshot of documentary

Liu Bang chose xianyangyuan mainly because of its high and open terrain, with its back against the broad hori and facing the Weishui valley. It has beautiful scenery and magnificent momentum.

Why did Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty look away at such a precious place and turn to Bailuyuan?

The scholar mayongying pointed out that Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty made this choice not for the “Zhaomu system”, but for the following three reasons:

1? Solve the funeral etiquette problems of the mother empress dowager Bo. Empress Dowager Bo was originally a concubine of emperor Gaozu. However, Empress Dowager Bo could not be buried in the name of his wife because there was already a tomb of empress Lu in the Changling Mausoleum of emperor Gaozu, which would certainly reduce her burial regulations. This not only affected the position of Empress Dowager Bo, but also affected her orthodox position. In this way, a new place will be opened, and in the name of being close to the mausoleum of Emperor Xiaowen, the mother will be buried in the tomb of the Empress Dowager.

2? Like Gaozu, new barriers are built where necessary to ensure the safety of the capital. At that time, the problem of princes with different surnames was solved, but the same surnamed princes domiciled in the East were still the threat of the Han Dynasty. Therefore, the mausoleum built in Bailuyuan can guard the traffic arteries and defend against the threats from the East.

3? Personal feelings. Liu Heng left Beijing as a young boy and grew up in Dai state. In the end, he inherited the throne as a substitute king. For his former fief, Liu Heng probably had unusual feelings. However, the country of Dai is too far away. Perhaps, only by building a mausoleum beside the traffic Avenue can it be convenient to return to the country of Dai by carriage in the future.

Although baling is not in the mouth of Phoenix, it is still on the White Deer Plain.

In the future, with the scientific investigation and textual research, we will have a deeper understanding and understanding of the rule of this emperor shengmingren.

Dufu: I’m not. I don’t. don’t talk nonsense

However, the development of science cannot hide the pallor of cultural cultivation. In 2021, one of the sweetest love poems known to be from Dufu, the poet saint, was born on all major platforms.

? image source: Network

It’s so sweet and beautiful. Who can’t help but say “Juezi” after reading it?

Once this poem was published, many netizens published their own opinions:

? image source: screenshot of social platform

To get down to business, if Dufu knew about this, he would probably have to ask Lu Xun overnight how to make an expression bag.

However, from the number of praise points when the poems were released, we can see that many people really think that dusky was written by Dufu.

Cough, Dufu wrote “love poems”, but it’s really not in this style.

Dufu’s confession is much deeper.

Dufu, whose works are known as “the history of poetry”, had a difficult career in his life. As a witness of the rise and fall of the Tang Dynasty, he saw too much in his eyes.

? Dufu in textbooks. Source: Network

In the 14th year of Tianbao (755), an Shi rebellion broke out. During the war, Dufu was captured by the rebels and trapped in Chang’an.

One night, Dufu looked out of the window. He saw a bright moon. It seemed that he had a wife and children in Jiazhou?

It wasn’t.

I just miss it so much.

War is raging. Can I still meet my family in this life?

Dufu didn’t know either.

All he can do is write down a poem and record his missing:

Tonight, I’m looking at the moon in Luzhou alone in my boudoir.

I feel pity for my little children, but I still remember Chang’an.

The fragrant mist and cloud are wet, and the jade arm is cold.

When to lean on the false pretence, the tears are dry.

——Moonlit night

I think I am a little proud and charming. Obviously, I miss my wife and children, but I don’t mean my wife and children miss me.

However, this is the true level of Dufu’s love talk. There is not a word of missing in the whole article, but it is full of deep feelings.

At the same time, some people read the microcosm of thousands of separated families in the world.

This is Dufu. This is Dufu.

“Thousands of buildings have been built to shelter all the poor people in the world.”

Zhanghuaimin: is he still awake?

Su Shi has a wide range of friends and is well known. According to the statistics of scholars, his circle of friends has nearly a thousand friends.

In 2021, a comrade named zhanghuaimin in his circle of friends attracted special attention.

Everyone is concerned: did zhanghuaimin really not sleep that night?

Although everyone had a good time, many people still felt heartfelt that they hoped to meet a “zhanghuaimin” in their life.

Because such friendship is really enviable.

On the night of October 12, the 6th year of Yuanfeng, I was ready to sleep after undressing. The moonlight came into my house and set off happily. Those who thought of nothing and were happy went to Chengtian temple to find zhanghuaimin. Huaimin also did not sleep and walked in the atrium. Under the court, if the water is empty and clear, the algae in the water do not cross and cover the shadow of bamboo and cypress. What night has no moon? Where is there no bamboo or cypress? But few idle people are like two of us.

——Night tour of Chengtian Temple

In the sixth year of Yuanfeng of Shenzong of Song Dynasty (1083), it was the fourth year that Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou because of the “Wutai poem case”.

Over the years, because he was once in prison, many people saw him as the God of plague and were afraid to avoid him. Su Shi has tasted a lot of warm and cold human relations.

Su Shi himself saw it clearly. Tao Bu did not conspire with each other. He cut off the contact with others by “knowing each other”: Although he was close to his flesh and blood, he refused to have a word contact.

However, no matter how optimistic, one cannot avoid loneliness.

What should I do? Fortunately, there is zhanghuaimin.

On the night of October 12 (the 6th year of Yuanfeng), this junior official, who had been demoted for many years and rarely visited, was ready to go to sleep. Unexpectedly, he found that the moonlight was visiting. Suddenly, he was completely sleepy.

The long lost happiness seems to be back!

Su Shi got up in high spirits and wanted to take advantage of the bright moonlight to go out for a night tour. Suddenly, he thought, who should share this happiness with?

Maybe after thinking for a second, he decided to go to Chengtian temple to find zhanghuaimin!

After they met, they walked and talked in the courtyard together. At this time, the moonlight on the ground is as clear as water, and the bamboo shadow is mottled as algae.

Suddenly, Su Shi woke up from his happiness: which night in the world has no moon? Where is there no bamboo or cypress? Why do you feel so different tonight?

Everything is just because there is Zhang Huaimin around.

? moonlight night bamboo. Source: Photographic network

Zhanghuaimin, the character mengde, was demoted because he was in Huangzhou. However, this kind of experience of “being a fallen man at the end of the world” is not the main reason why the two become close friends.

Su Zhe, Su Shi’s younger brother, once wrote an essay entitled “the story of the pavilion in Huangzhou”. In it, Su Zhe described zhanghuaimin as follows:

“Today, Zhang Jun does not suffer from relegation. He steals the extra work of accounting, but puts himself in the midst of mountains and rivers. Among them, there should be people who excel.”

After being demoted to Huangzhou, zhanghuaimin was expected to be an idle official. But unlike most depressed people, he did not hurt spring and autumn. Instead, he opened his eyes and paid more attention to the beauty of the world. So he built a pavilion in the southwest of his residence to view the beautiful scenery of the Yangtze River.

Su Shi said, call it “kuazai Pavilion”.

Zhanghuaimin’s optimistic mood is consistent with Su Shi’s. This is also the fundamental reason why the two people share their hearts and sympathize with each other.

? source: screenshot of documentary Sudongpo

That night, whether Huaimin really “didn’t sleep” was no longer important.

The important thing is that in the middle of the night, one person is willing to talk and the other person is willing to listen.

The so-called “two-way rush” is just that.

This sincere and pure friendship has been praised and envied by the world for thousands of years.

The carnival in 2021 is not only entertainment, but also a call for friendship from increasingly lonely modern people.

I hope we can find a “zhanghuaimin” in this life.

06 Wang Anshi: blessing from Jeff

Not long ago, in mid December, Chinese college students welcomed the CET-4 and CET-6 twice a year. This time, in addition to the test questions that you will not do as usual, there is also a birthday friend: Wang Anshi.

What will happen when Wang Anshi’s thousand year birthday is met in CET-4 and CET-6?

The students said:

Happy birthday to Wang Anshi!

Please bless us to pass CET-4 and CET-6 smoothly!

Thank you, Jeff!

? image source: Network

On that day, it was not clear how well they got in the CET-4 and CET-6. Anyway, Jeff gave them some spiritual comfort more or less.

Of course, the friends who didn’t take CET-4 or CET-6 also sent the most sincere birthday wishes to our reform Daniel.

? image source: screenshot of social platform

On the 1000th birthday of Wang Anshi, apart from blessing, what else did we discuss?

Discuss the loneliness and greatness of the Northern Song reformer.

In the second year of Xining (1069), the reform of Wang Anshi began. At the same time, Wang Anshi, who is located in the center of power, seems to be in a storm.

First of all, the imperial censor of Song Dynasty and the Jianyuan, collectively known as Taijian, launched an attack. Lu Xu, the Prime Minister of the imperial court, was the first to complain about Wang Anshi’s ten major crimes in the court, accusing him of “great treachery like loyalty and great fraud like faith”. Among the ten major crimes, the most serious one is “shaking the world”. At that time, in the name of the reform, Wang Anshi set up a new “regulation department for the establishment of three departments”, which was equivalent to the National Commission for structural reform in the Song Dynasty, and assumed the financial power. The Taijian forces believed that this was disrupting the state system and challenging the ancestral family law.

Sima Guang, a former good friend, also had great opinions on Wang Anshi’s reform. The political differences between the two men lie in that Sima Guang advocated that Tibet should enrich the people, the state should not compete with the people for profits, and should focus on “throttling”; Wang Anshi, on the other hand, focused on “open source”, and all the reform measures were to enrich the country and strengthen the army, destroy and suppress mergers, that is, the “national wealth” took priority over the “people’s wealth”.

? the “law of enriching the country” in Wang Anshi’s reform.

So, the two fought for nearly 20 years, making a lot of trouble.

The same is true of the law changers and die hards in the DPRK and China. They have been arguing for decades. Finally, Wang Anshi, who was forced to stay away from the center of power, grew old and lonely in the countryside of Jiangning (Nanjing).

After the collapse of the Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi, the initiator of the reform, became a “demon” among some people who tossed about the Song Dynasty.

Fortunately, later, more and more people understood his loneliness.

In the decades long struggle for reform, most of the so-called villains and gentlemen are just passing by. Even the emperor who swings from side to side is fast decaying. Wang Anshi, a lonely reformer who devoted himself to his country, glorified for thousands of years with his spiritual heritage.

Salute this idealist who lived a thousand years ago!

07 Caozhi: humankind, why is it too urgent

In November, Tesla founder musk released a Chinese poem in Chinese on the social platform.

? image source: screenshot of social platform

“The whole world is speaking Chinese”, I would not deceive you.

No matter what musk is implicitly responding to, Caozhi’s seven step poem is more attractive to netizens.

I probably remembered the lonely life of the man who, together with Li Bai and Su Shi, called the three “immortals” in the world.

Once, Cao Zhi and Cao Pi, the two brothers, had a happy time of intimacy. After the rain in summer, they will enjoy singing and dancing together and play chess with good wine and food.

The sun shines with youth, while the rain is still and the dust flies.

The cold ice creates a burning scene, and the cool wind blows over me.

The Li River in the Qing Dynasty is full of golden cups and dishes.

Qi people enter into strange music, and singers leave the Western Qin Dynasty.

Pianpian, my young master, is as clever as a God.

——The poem of waiting for the prince to sit down

What a happy picture.

Unfortunately, time and fate are always so cruel.

Born in the imperial family, what brotherhood do you talk about?

For Cao Zhi, whether he was defeated in the issue of establishing an heir or repeatedly moved to another post after being demoted, it was just one of the plays in which he was suppressed to have no power to fight back.

In the sixth year of the reign of Emperor Wen of Wei (225 years), Cao Pi returned from the southern expedition to Sunwu. He passed by yongqiu and met Cao Zhi.

Cao Zhi has been forced to relocate for many times, so he has no time to take care of his residence. The yongqiu palace is in a state of disrepair. When Cao Pi saw him, he gave him a thousand gold coins, a chariot and a famous horse to increase his household by 500. In addition, Cao Pi gave Cao Zhi an “amnesty” during this meeting:

“Today, the emperor passed my country far away. He granted an amnesty. He joined Gu Gengshi with a smile and joy, and mourned Gu with tears.” (order of the sixth year of the Yellow Emperor’s reign by Caozhi)

This is Cao Pi’s rare care for his younger brother since he ascended the throne. However, the long lost harmony has no other meaning than evoking some memories.

After Cao Pi’s death, Cao Zhi was still struggling in his relegation career. Until his death, he was still reminded to “regret the past” — his posthumous title was “Si”.

What should Cao Zhi reflect on?

Perhaps it is to reflect on why we were born in the imperial family.

In November, Tesla founder musk released a Chinese poem in Chinese on the social platform.