Original: Shenzhen ningnanshan source: ningnanshan
Daqing City in Heilongjiang Province is a city that has made great contributions to the industrialization of new China. Before the discovery of Daqing Oilfield, the largest oilfield in China was Yumen Oilfield in Gansu Province, which is also the cradle of China’s oil industry.
In the decade before liberation in 1949, Yumen oilfield produced 520000 tons of crude oil, accounting for 95% of the total national oil production in the same period. It was the largest oil mine with the largest number of employees and leading technology at that time, and made special contributions to the victory of the Anti Japanese war.
After the founding of new China, the first domestic oil industry base was built during the “first five year plan” period of Yumen Oilfield, and the crude oil output exceeded 1million tons in 1958. In 1959, the crude oil output of Yumen reached 1.4 million tons, accounting for 51% of the total crude oil output of the country that year, supporting half of the petroleum industry of new China.
It should be noted that Yumen oilfield is still in production in 2021, with 590000 tons of crude oil produced this year. Facing the situation that oil production is difficult to grow, Yumen Oilfield adopts various ways to develop.
1: Develop natural gas exploration and production technology. In 2021, 5million cubic meters of natural gas was exploited for the first time in history, creating a new situation of “simultaneous development of oil and gas”;
2: Develop petroleum refining and chemical business, give play to the brand advantage of aviation hydraulic oil, and build a domestic first-class production base of “high-end low pour point special oil”. Operating profit of 290million yuan in 2021;
3: The first centralized grid connected power generation demonstration project of PetroChina – the 200 MW photovoltaic grid connected power generation demonstration project of Yumen Oilfield was put into operation as scheduled;
4: The export of technology and services generated revenue, and achieved revenue growth and efficiency in underground engineering and technical services, sales of special machinery products, engineering and technical services, etc. in 2021, the external market generated revenue of more than 400million yuan.
Compared with Yumen Oilfield, the scale of Daqing Oilfield is dozens of times larger,
According to the 2021 oil and Gas Field Development Technology Symposium of PetroChina Daqing Oilfield held in early January 2022, Daqing Oilfield, which has been developed and constructed for 62 years, has produced a total of 2.463 billion tons of crude oil, accounting for nearly 40% of China’s onshore crude oil production in the same period.
We all know that after long-term exploitation, the output of Daqing oil field is gradually declining, and the oil output has gradually decreased from 50million tons in the peak period to about 30million tons in recent years (if the natural gas output is converted into oil and gas equivalent, the total is more than 40million tons).
So what about the future of Daqing? Rely on Volvo car factory? No, the automobile industry alone cannot support Daqing’s GDP of more than 200 billion a year and the total retail sales of social consumer goods of more than 70 billion.
Obviously, the volume of Daqing Oilfield far exceeds that of Yumen Oilfield, which also means that the transformation is more difficult, because it means that a large number of new business income is needed to fill the gap caused by the decline in production.
In addition to continuing to explore more reserves and upgrading production technology, 1: since the rights and interests of overseas oil fields first obtained the rights and interests of Mongolian oil fields in 2005, by the end of 2021, the output of overseas rights and interests of Daqing oil field has been 9.33 million tons, exceeding 9 million tons for three consecutive years.
The plan of Daqing Oilfield is that by the year 100 (2059) of Daqing Oilfield, the annual oil and gas equivalent will reach more than 40million tons, of which overseas production will account for more than 50%.
2: Revenue from oilfield services and equipment Daqing’s oilfield exploration and production technology can earn revenue by exporting oilfield services and equipment,
In the first half of 2022, the revenue from external markets (including domestic and foreign markets) was 7.816 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6.6%, of which the revenue from international oil service business was 2.16 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 12.8%. Daqing Oilfield has some leading technologies in the world, which can form the service output to the overseas market. Many employees of Daqing Oilfield work overseas for a long time. In addition, Daqing Oilfield also has the ability of equipment manufacturing, which can generate revenue by selling equipment.
What is service? For example, contracting oil projects overseas is service.
On February 9, 2022, Daqing oilfield equipment manufacturing Lishen pump successfully won the bid for Iraq hafaya oilfield large displacement water well electric pump project, with a contract amount of more than US $30 million. This is the first time that the company has won the exclusive bid for the large displacement electric water well pump project, and fills the gap in the application of large displacement electric submersible pump technology in Iraq.
The large displacement electric submersible pump unit used in this project is an unconventional unit. It has achieved a “zero” breakthrough in the Iraqi market for large displacement electric submersible pump units from domestic electric pump manufacturers.
At the same time, the international engineering division of Daqing oilfield engineering construction company successfully won the bid for the cpf1 oil treatment system upgrading and water injection well connection project in halfaya oilfield, Iraq, with a bid winning amount of 700million yuan, setting a new record for the company’s single EPC project in the Iraqi market.
Since Daqing oilfield engineering construction company entered the Iraqi halfaya oilfield market, it has achieved a cumulative revenue of 1.863 billion yuan, of which EPC projects account for 70.4%.
On March 25, 2022, a “cloud signing” ceremony was held in Uganda, Tanzania, Inner Mongolia and Daqing. Daqing Oilfield Engineering Construction Company and CNOOC Uganda officially signed the EPC project of Uganda Kingfisher oilfield epc4, with a contract amount of 545million yuan, marking the successful entry of Daqing Oilfield into Uganda’s engineering construction market.
Uganda Kingfisher oilfield epc4 general contracting project is Uganda’s first commercial oil discovery – oilfield development project in Lake Albert area. The main quantities of the project include the construction of a new long-distance pipeline, two valve chambers, a power supply cable and related supporting facilities, and two communication towers. The planned construction period is 26 months.
Sun Quan, the Tanzanian project tender planner of the international engineering division of the engineering construction company, said: “We have been following the kingfisher project in Uganda since 2016. In 2017, we sent personnel to Uganda to conduct on-site research. After learning that the project began bidding in February 2018, we immediately set up a bidding team to carry out bidding work in Daqing, Ugan Kampala and missan, Iraq. Our bidding team overcame many difficulties such as region and time difference, and completed the bidding as required. Today, we finally got the good news of signing the contract.”
3: In addition to obtaining oil and gas rights overseas and increasing income in the form of exporting services and equipment, oil and gas resources from Russia, which is rich in natural reserves, have also become a source to supplement the decline in Daqing’s production.
Russian oil China and Russia have had long and arduous negotiations, and finally negotiated the Sino Russian oil pipeline project. Russian crude oil enters China through the pipeline from Mohe in Heilongjiang.
Since the Sino Russian crude oil pipeline was put into operation on January 1, 2011, by the 10th anniversary of January 1, 2021, Heilongjiang Mohe customs supervision service has imported nearly 200 million tons of crude oil, and China has set the end of this pipeline in Daqing City, which makes Daqing possible to process imported Russian oil, and the crude oil imported from Russia has supplemented Daqing’s declining crude oil output to a certain extent.
Previously, more Russian crude oil imported from the China Russia oil pipeline was transported southward to Liaoning Province for processing. On July 9, 2009, PetroChina Liaoyang Petrochemical Company, as an important support point of the China Russia strategic oil agreement, began to build China’s first 10 million ton full processing Russian crude oil base to support the China Russia oil pipeline that was about to be put into operation at that time. However, in recent years, Daqing has also begun to use Russian pipeline oil for processing. On November 2, 2020, PetroChina posted a news on its official website, called “Daqing Petrochemical crude oil processing capacity has been upgraded to” ten million tons “, which mentioned that Daqing city has formed 6.5 million Daqing self-produced crude oil processing +350 for the first time
Million tons of Russian oil processing capacity.
“On October 29, the reporter learned that the structural adjustment, transformation and upgrading project of Daqing Petrochemical – the 3.5 million ton / year atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit produced four product indicators that were all qualified, and the unit was successfully started up at one time after the transformation. The 3.5 million ton / year atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit after the transformation mainly processed Russian crude oil.
This set of device preliminarily separates Russian oil into gas, naphtha, kerosene, diesel, wax oil and residue components, which is convenient for the classification of downstream devices for secondary fine processing. Through the rational use of resources, it can maximize the efficiency of oil refining and improve the overall competitiveness of the company. “
“(2020) at 9:00 on September 23, 4860 tons of Russian crude oil was piped into the Russian oil storage tank of Daqing Petrochemical refinery, and the first batch of 15000 tons of Russian oil successively entered the plant. At 8:00 on October 19, the atmospheric and vacuum distillation furnace was ignited, and the 3.5 million ton / year atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit officially entered the construction stage. At present, the installation operates smoothly with a crude oil processing capacity of 6000 tons / day.”
On December 7, 2020, PetroChina Daqing Petrochemical Company announced that the first batch of No. 92 vehicle gasoline processed with Russian crude oil had arrived in Xingang, Dalian, and was sold to Singapore. In other words, some of the 92 gasoline used by Singaporeans in driving has gone through the process of Russian oil fields – Sino Russian oil pipeline – Daqing Petrochemical Plant Processing – Dalian Port – Singapore Port – Singapore gas station.
4: In addition to oil, the Sino Russian natural gas pipeline officially opened on December 2, 2019 also passes through Daqing, which also helps to enhance the role of Daqing as an oil and gas distribution center. In short, the oil and gas resources from Russia have made a strong supplement and support for Daqing.
According to the report of dongbei.com in January 2020, the reporter learned from Daqing Customs on January 15 that the first batch of imported natural gas from the China Russia east line natural gas pipeline has been successfully declared and officially entered Daqing. According to the staff of Daqing customs, this batch of imported natural gas was declared by Daqing PetroChina International Co., Ltd. and the gaseous natural gas was imported by pipeline transportation
three point two three
Billion cubic meters, trade volume
four point six four
Billion yuan, a total of taxes
four thousand one hundred and seventy-seven point nine two
Ten thousand yuan. The opening of the Sino Russian East line natural gas pipeline will not only play a positive role in enhancing the industrial strength of Daqing city and striving to be the leader in the transformation and development of national resource-based cities, but also increase the import and export trade volume of Daqing city by a large margin. By December 2021, the pipeline, which has been open for two years, will deliver 13.6 billion cubic meters of Russian natural gas to China,
According to media reports in December 2021: “The reporter learned from Harbin Zhongqing Gas Co., Ltd. that on the afternoon of the 21st, more than 1.7 million gas users in the main urban area of Harbin have been connected to Russian gas. At present, Zhongqing gas receives a new supply of 250000 to 300000 cubic meters of Russian gas from the upstream port of Daqing every day. The relevant person in charge of the company said that the import of Russian gas into Harbin will significantly alleviate the shortage of gas supply in Harbin in winter. The relevant person in charge introduced that there are three steps for the import of Russian gas into Harbin: first, Russian gas crosses the border from Russia It is transported to Heihe station, then to Daqing station through the north section of the China Russia east natural gas pipeline, and finally to Harbin station through the Qingha gas pipeline. “
After the eastern pipeline is completed in the future, 38billion cubic meters of Russian gas can be imported every year, while China and Russia are still negotiating more gas supply. The annual 38billion cubic meters of natural gas supply is obviously not the peak.
Let me say a few more words here. Looking at the whole history of China’s economic development, the development of various regions in China has a great relationship with neighboring countries and adjacent regions.
I also mentioned repeatedly in previous articles that geographical distance can greatly affect the relationship between different countries,
Two of the top three trading partners of the United States are neighboring countries Mexico and Canada.
The country that buys the most goods made in the United States in the world has long been its neighbor Canada.
In 2021, eight of China’s top 12 export destinations were in Asia (Hong Kong, China, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, India, Taiwan, China, Malaysia, Thailand), and only four were outside Asia, namely, the United States, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.
Russia, as a country, has many grievances with China in history. No matter how we treat it, it has objectively had a significant impact on China, especially in Northeast China.
For example, the Middle East Railway built by Russia to infiltrate Northeast China began construction in August 1897 and was officially opened to traffic in July 1903, with a total length of more than 2000 kilometers. With commerce as the intermediary, Manzhouli, Fularji, Zalantun and Harbin have developed. Changchun, Shenyang and Lushun are all along the Middle East Railway, and Russia has also plundered a lot of China’s interests through this railway.
In the 1950s, the Soviet Union assisted in the construction of a large number of industrial projects in China. The scale and most important technology transfer are unique in world history.
Today, many famous enterprises in China are the technology and complete sets of equipment transferred by the Soviet Union, including Shenfei, Hafei, Xifei, FAW, Baotou Steel, Angang, WISCO, North China Pharmaceutical Group, Luoyang Yituo, Luozhou axis group, Sanmenxia water control project, Institute of near physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, etc.
Today, Beijing BOE is the Beijing Electronic Tube Factory built with the assistance of the Soviet Union during the first five year plan period. The technology comes from the Soviet Union and democratic Germany. The following picture is taken from 1956. I also mentioned in the previous article that this level of factory was put in 1956. Everyone felt nothing, because the psychological time coordinate was already new China.
But if we imagine that this is an electronics factory in Beijing in 1948, does it suddenly feel that the Kuomintang is very powerful in industry? Because although it was only eight years away, our psychological coordinate at this time was poor and backward old China. Such a factory obviously surpassed the times at that time.
Modern Soviet Russia also caused great damage to China,
In 1900, the hailanpao and 64tun massacres in Jiangdong massacred thousands of Chinese people,
In 1904, tsarist Russia and Japan, another imperialist country, waged a large-scale war in Northeast China, resulting in a large number of civilian casualties.
The Soviet Union and Russia also did great harm to our country on the territorial issue, not only directly annexed a large number of our country’s territory, but also instigated the independence of Outer Mongolia. During the cold war, the Soviet Union stationed troops in the north of our country, and directly invaded Zhenbao Island in the middle, which caused great national defense pressure on our country, forcing us to carry out large-scale third line construction and migrate a large number of industries from the northeast and coastal areas to the central and western regions.
But on the whole, the damage of Soviet Russia to China was mainly in the old China in 1949 and the late Qing Dynasty. Since 1949, China has continuously strengthened its national strength. In the face of Russia, we have gained a lot of benefits from the perspective of pragmatism, and objectively gained the upper hand in the interest game.
In addition to the well-known technology transfer of 156 major projects,
I think it is easy to be ignored that in the late cold war, China actually sided with the United States to suppress the Soviet Union, and the Afghan guerrillas who resisted the Soviet army had weapons and equipment from China. Finally, China also benefited from the collapse of the Soviet Union. The area of the largest neighbor has shrunk by millions of square kilometers, and the population has also decreased a lot, which has suddenly reduced the pressure on our country.
At the same time, after the end of the cold war, China took advantage of the disintegration of the Soviet Union to recover some territories, with a total area of several thousand square kilometers, from Russia, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and other countries through border negotiations.
Today, Central Asia and Russia have become China’s sources of oil and natural gas supply, and China uses its increasingly strong industrial capacity to export a large number of various industrial products to Russia.
Since the reality is that China is strong and Russia is weak, China has the upper hand in the communication and game with Russia after 1949, and there is no principled conflict such as territorial sovereignty between Russia and China at present, it is obvious that continuing to communicate and cooperate with Russia has become a realistic choice.
Let’s say timber. China has stopped commercial logging of natural forests.
Since 2014, commercial logging of natural forests has been completely stopped in the Daxing’anling Forest Region of Heilongjiang Province,
Some forest areas, such as Yichun in Heilongjiang Province, stopped at the end of 2013,
By April 1st, 2015, all the key state-owned forest areas in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia will stop commercial logging of natural forests.
In 2016, commercial logging of natural forests in state-owned forest farms in non natural conservation project areas was completely stopped,
In 2017, commercial logging of natural forests nationwide will be completely stopped.
At present, China imports a large amount of wood. From January to September 2021, China imported 79.505 million cubic meters of wood,
Among them, Russia ranks first, accounting for 25.8%,
Europe ranks second, accounting for 23.6%, New Zealand ranks third, accounting for 19.4%, and Asia ranks fourth, accounting for 7.8%,
In addition, Russia is China’s largest timber importer. I checked the data. The timber imported by Russia accounts for more than 10% of China’s total timber consumption. Northeast China is the main entry point for the export of Russian natural resources to China. A large number of Russian timber, oil, natural gas and coal enter China through the land ports on the Sino Russian border, For example, a large amount of Russian timber enters China through Suifen River in Heilongjiang and Manzhouli Port in Inner Mongolia. In addition to meeting the needs of Northeast China, these products will also be transported to all parts of the country.
Who is our friend and who is our enemy? It is very important to answer this question, and we should also realize that the answer to this question is dynamic.
Soviet Russia used to be our enemy and our friend, but now it is a comprehensive strategic cooperative partner. In fact, I think this problem is similar for Japan and the United States.
For example, the United States was our friend during World War II and our enemy during the Korean War. After the establishment of diplomatic relations, China and the United States gradually became allies against the Soviet Union. After the end of the cold war, the two sides were economic and trade partners, and now the United States gradually positioned us as strategic competitors.
We decide whether to exchange and cooperate with a country based on practical interests. In turn, it is the same for other countries. In the past, the United States and China exchanged and contacted because it can obtain a lot of benefits from China’s development,
Many of these benefits are based on the strength of the United States,
For example, the United States is engaged in upstream chips, operating systems, electronic components, China is engaged in assembly, the United States sells Chinese Boeing aircraft, and China sells American shirts, jeans, and shoes.
In terms of military strength, the US military is much ahead of the PLA in terms of equipment, and has an intergenerational advantage. F14 was commissioned in 1974, F15 in 1976, F16 in 1978 and F18 in 1983.
The first batch of Su-27 was delivered to China in 1992, and the localized J-11 was commissioned in 1998.
In this case, it is obviously pleasant for the United States to do business with China, and the benefits obtained are huge. China, with a very low per capita GDP, will not have much competition with the United States if its income level improves. It can also buy more American goods and services, including movies, music, studying in the United States and so on. However, when China rapidly advances to more and more middle and high-end fields that compete with the United States, The United States has felt the change in the distribution of interests brought about by the change in national strength, and is increasingly dissatisfied with China.
The relationship between China and Japan is also similar. In fact, about 2000 years ago, the relationship between China and Japan was much better than now. Looking at the Pew public opinion survey, the proportion of Japanese favoring China at that time was much higher than now. However, with the enhancement of China’s national strength, the areas of competition between China and Japan increased, and many Japanese enterprises lost the market due to the competition of Chinese enterprises, In addition, China’s increasing strength has brought about an increase in its control over the Diaoyu Islands, and so on. Japanese attitudes and psychology have gradually changed.
In fact, I think when we look at Russia today, we will find that,
First, there is no principled conflict. China and Japan have the Diaoyu Islands issue, and there is also the Taiwan issue caused by Japan’s invasion of China. Taiwan is extremely Pro Japan today. There is the question of who will be the world leader between us and the United States, and there is also the ideological issue of the United States’ hostility to China, but at present, there is no such principled issue with Russia.
China and India also have border territorial disputes, which is also a matter of principle. The deterioration of Sino Indian Relations in recent years is very related to this.
Second, the objective reality is that China is strong and Russia is weak, and there is no great competitive relationship, which is different from the relationship between China and Japan, the United States and even Europe.
For example, China’s semiconductor industry is to tap the foundation of the United States, but it is a good thing for Russia, because they are now blocked by the United States from chip input. Another example is that China’s electric vehicle industry is actually detrimental to Japan and Europe. The stronger China is in this regard, the higher its share, and the lower its share, but Russia obviously has little to do with it.
The reality that China is strong and Russia is weak also brings another result, that is, Russia sells resources to China, while China exports industrial products to Russia. This cooperation mode is actually very complementary. Everyone has got what they want, and to be honest, this cooperation mode is actually more beneficial to China, which you can experience.
Take China’s regional development for example. As mentioned in this article, Russia’s oil and gas resources and even timber are mainly imported from Northeast China, which is of great significance to the development of Northeast China and energy conservation and emission reduction. Therefore, expanding cooperation with Russia is beneficial to China’s practical interests.
Third, from the perspective of game theory, China was much weaker than the United States and the Soviet Union in those days, and it belonged to a relatively weak third party. However, during the cold war, China stood in line with the United States to destroy the Soviet Union, and now it cooperates with Russia and competes with the United States, which is actually beneficial to China.
Imagine if a third party with relatively weak national strength, through continuous adjustment of standing in line, Leng is to cooperate with one party to deal with the other party twice, and finally surpass both the strong ones. This is a legendary game story.
Of course, in the end, China will not completely rely on Russia’s natural resources,
The development of the local electric vehicle industry, nuclear power stations, hydropower stations, photovoltaic power stations, continue to develop energy-saving technologies in industrial manufacturing, and produce higher GDP with the same unit energy consumption. The domestic coal industry, LNG imports from Australia, oil from the Middle East and Africa, and natural gas from Central Asia will all form part of the development of China’s energy industry.