Author: Rong ping source: official account: Rong Ping (id:rongping898) has been authorized to reprint
You have never seen such a disgraceful US government. After the frequent collapse of the ASEAN summit, they turned their eyes back to their backyard and planned to hold the ninth Inter American democracy summit in Los Angeles on the 6th of next month. However, the summit was collectively boycotted by many Latin American countries because the United States had previously refused to participate in Cuba, Venezuela and Nicaragua due to ideological issues.
So far, 16 countries, including Mexico, have explicitly announced their boycott of the summit of the Americas, and leaders of more than 25 countries have expressed their condemnation of the United States’ exclusion of other countries.
There are only 33 member states of the organization of American States in total. With the boycotted three countries, 19 countries will not attend the summit. Even half of the participating countries do not have one. How can the summit be held? It is no exaggeration to say that the United States is facing the biggest political crisis in Latin America since the practice of Monroe doctrine!
The Spanish newspaper El Pais commented:
Biden tried to save the American influence in Latin America, but encountered a crisis of trust. The summit of the Americas is becoming a diplomatic nightmare for the United States.
The full return of the left-wing camp to the collective boycott of the American Summit led by the United States is not only a sign of their complete disappointment with the United States, but also a great counterattack by the 400000 Latin American people against the Monroe Doctrine and Neoliberalism that have poisoned America for a long time!
Nicaraguan president Ortega: the United States is at a time of schizophrenia and wants to conquer China, Russia and the world
Is there a well-known word in the international economic community, Latin America, which means that a country has experienced such phenomena as the widening gap between the rich and the poor, the inefficiency of state-owned enterprises, the deterioration of social security, serious corruption, the proliferation of underground economy, financial crisis and frequent regime changes in its development. It also refers to the despair of national development, which is based on the economic development of Latin American countries in the past century.
Economic development has a spillover effect. After any super large-scale economy takes shape, some countries around it will more or less improve their economy by absorbing the spillover nutrients.
For example, in the early days, Japan led the development of the electronics industry in South Korea and Taiwan Province. The EU brought Poland and other countries into the camp of developed countries with industrial transfer in the process of eastward expansion. After China became the second largest economic power in the world, the economy of Southeast Asia also began to take off. Only Latin America next to the United States has not absorbed any nutrients. Instead, it has fallen into a cycle of backwardness and backwardness in waves of economic crises. Behind such a violation of the objective laws of economic development, it is all due to the Yankee imperialist style of the United States.
In history, Latin American countries have placed high hopes on the United States three times, but each time they were beaten in the face.
In the 1920s, under the leadership of Jos é de Saint Martin, many Latin American countries broke out their independence movements aimed at overthrowing European colonial rule. For this reason, Russia, PuO and other old empires formed a sacred alliance and personally intervened in Latin American countries.
At this time, the United States, which had just started its industry, had long regarded Latin America with a large population and rich resources as its own raw material supply and dumping market. Therefore, in the fifth President Monroe’s state of the Union address, it put forward the policy that Americans are Americans in America. Historically, it is called Monroe Doctrine. In popular words, America is Americans’ America, and it is my sphere of influence. You Europeans should mind your own business.
Over the next 70 years, the Americans worked hard to accumulate strength, and finally won the leadership of Latin American affairs in the true sense of the Spanish American war in 1898. This encouraged the small Latin American countries that had been bullied by European colonists. However, this is only the beginning of a new round of nightmare for them!
Western American naval battle
Why are the Latin American people happy to see the United States intervene in Latin American affairs?
Three reasons:
First of all, as the first country in the Americas to successfully defeat European colonists for independence, the Star Spangled Banner of the United States ignited the spark of Latin American countries.
Secondly, Monroe Doctrine is the result of lobbying by Argentina, Peru, Chile and other countries. They want to use the power of the United States to balance the influence of European countries. Although the actual effort of the United States is very small, because Britain and the United States have reached a tacit agreement on the colonization of Latin America, the sacred alliance has converged a lot later.
Finally, the origin of the Spanish American war was the Cuban people’s resistance to the tyrannical rule of Spain. Before the war broke out, Congress had decided to recognize Cuba’s independence and asked Spain to withdraw its troops. Therefore, in the eyes of the Latin American people at that time, the Spanish American war was not an Imperial War, but a war of independence in which the big brother of the Americas helped them drive away bandits. This directly led to a higher enthusiasm for independence in Latin America after the United States defeated Spain.
But the fact is that after taking over the scepter of the Americas, the United States has completely continued the tyranny of Spain.
Economically, the United States set up the United Fruit Company, which wantonly annexed land in the Americas at a low price. In 1913 alone, 162000 hectares of land was enclosed in Honduras, causing a large number of farmers to lose their arable land and live in poverty; Militarily, the United States frequently suppressed the democratic revolutionary movements in Latin America. According to statistics, before 1945, six countries, including Honduras, Dominica, Nicaragua, Guatemala, sardova and Panama, were intervened by the U.S. military for as many as 16 times; Politically, the United States vigorously supports pro american military dictators and forcefully suppresses democratic parties that try to seize economic sovereignty from the United States.
The honest Latin American people never dreamed that the big brother they adored in their hearts was worse than Spain.
The sky in Latin America is not bright, just from one dark cloud to another.
This is the first time that Latin America is disappointed with the United States!
Statistics of the years before 1945 when Central American countries suffered from US military intervention
After World War II, in order to seek world hegemony, the United States began to promote the disintegration of the colonial system on a global scale. Even in the Philippine autonomy and independence act, they forcibly stipulated that the Philippines must be independent from the American colonies before 1946.
The United States has made a clean break with colonial tyranny, which once again gives Latin America hope.
In february1948, the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America was established in Santiago, Chile. Raul previs, Argentina’s top economist, gathered a large number of elite teams to put forward the famous Latin American development theory after several days of discussion.
The theory has two main points——
First, the world capitalist economic system is a center periphery structure, the developed countries in Europe and the United States are the center, and the developing countries in Latin America are the periphery. The two are one. The central countries should transfer industries to the peripheral countries to improve their industrialization level, while the peripheral countries should export manufactured products to the central countries to reduce the inflationary pressure of the central countries.
Second, Latin American developmentalism believes that the strong driving force of national development comes from technological progress and achievements, rather than the large-scale social change generally believed in the past.
As you can see, prevish’s Latin American developmentalism is essentially a compromise doctrine. In the post World War II era, the unprecedented improvement of the Soviet Union’s international status has enabled the democratic movement with socialism as the core to develop in full swing all over the world, creating an excellent strategic window for the real independence of Latin American countries. At this time, prevish emphasized that social change is not the driving force of national development. In fact, he wanted to sacrifice Latin America’s freedom from American rule in exchange for the former’s industrial handouts.
Raul Prebisch
But does it work?
It is too far from heaven and too close to the United States. Washington is convinced that no country can make waves in its own backyard. Therefore, he ignored the demands of Latin American countries and focused on the first line of industrial transfer against the Soviet Union, namely western Europe and East Asia.
If the Soviet Union could take a tougher stance during the Cuban missile crisis, perhaps the United States could put Latin America at the same height as Western Europe and East Asia. Unfortunately, Khrushchev dropped the chain at the critical moment, and the Soviet Union lost the opportunity to expand its geographical sphere of influence to South America. Now the United States is even more unscrupulous. On the one hand, it madly interferes in the internal affairs of Latin American countries, concocting massacres and slaughtering Communists. On the other hand, it uses the Falklands war and monetary policy to reap the wealth of Argentina and other countries. We have described the specific contents in operation Condor in detail, so I won’t say more here.
The cold war has lasted for more than half a century. Except for the three big countries of ABC, which have developed to a certain extent by relying on their own solid foundation, other countries in Latin America are almost at a standstill.
This is the second time that Latin America is disappointed with the United States!
In the late 1980s, the Soviet Union gradually declined, and the United States won the cold war. The general trend has been basically set. The minds of Latin American countries on the United States have become active again. Of course, this is understandable.
In reality, the Soviet Union could not defeat the United States. No one in the world dared to oppose the United States.
In terms of feelings, under the arrangement of operation Condor, Latin American countries have taken the national effort to prevent the Communist forces from infiltrating South America, so that the United States can no longer have worries about its future. It is all about fighting for hegemony with the Soviet Union on the Eurasian continent. Is it a little hard work without any credit? Will this help them more or less? Facts have proved that to have illusions about imperialist hegemonic countries is to seek their own wealth and harm their own lives!
In 1989, the US Institute of international economics invited the International Monetary Fund, the world bank and the Inter American Development Bank to gather in Washington to jointly formulate a package of economic reform measures for Latin American countries under the program of Neo liberalism, which is known as the Washington consensus in history.
The reform focus of the Washington consensus is to reform the tax system and reduce the tax rate; Realize financial liberalization and trade liberalization, and eliminate tariff restrictions; Privatization of state-owned enterprises; Deregulation of economic activities and so on.
Due to the excellent performance of Neo liberalism reform in the United States and Britain, Latin American countries have no doubt about it. Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, Peru and other countries accepted the reform plan given by the United States without hesitation.
so what?
After more than ten years of poisoning, Latin America has become an extremely underdeveloped region from an underdeveloped region——
The per capita income fell precipitously: the per capita GDP of Brazil and Argentina, the two most powerful countries in the region, plummeted from $8000 in the 1980s to $2665, not counting the impact of inflation. An Argentine scholar once said bitterly that neoliberalism has turned Argentina, a vast and rich country, into one of the poorest countries in the region!
The national debt keeps rising: in 1985, the interest paid by Latin American countries to foreign countries was US $150billion, which increased to US $723billion in 2004.
The gap between the rich and the poor continued to widen: in the 1960s, the proportion of the total social income of the richest 20% and the poorest 20% in Latin America was 6:1, rising to 40:1 in 1999. Also in the 1960s, only 110million people in Latin America were in poverty, which increased to 222million in 2004.
Where is the problem?
In the national conditions!
Developed countries in the United States and Britain have a strong industrial and technological foundation. Moreover, they were in the incubation period of the third industrial revolution at that time. The Neo liberalism reform can improve the speed of enterprises’ transforming technology into products, which is equivalent to greatly improving the profitability of enterprises. Deregulation of economic activities can speed up the transfer of the industrial chain, so that Asian countries can integrate into the industrial system led by the United States in a short time, be responsible for low-end production, and then sell back to the United States. Because the cost of labor and resources in Asian countries is low, which in turn depresses the inflation of the United States and further releases the consumption potential of developed countries.
However, Latin American countries have nothing. What they should do is to build high industrial barriers to buy time for local enterprises to develop. At the same time, they should impose heavy taxes on high value-added products from the United States and Britain, and strengthen national fiscal revenue. Only in this way can countries spend money to provide infrastructure support and support for the next step of industrial upgrading.
Brazil is the country with the highest industrial gradient and perfection in South America. Its regional aviation manufacturing industry plays an important role in the world. If it develops well, it is very promising to become a developed country. However, after the rampant Neo liberalism, the government lost its functions and the industry withered. Now it has become one of the countries with the highest crime rate in the world.
But they do the opposite. Can they avoid trouble?
For example, if you engage in trade liberalization, foreign goods with scale advantages will kill your local brands, while you reduce the tax rate of foreign enterprises, and the national financial capacity continues to weaken. Finally, you can only borrow money from the United States or international economic organizations.
Another example is financial liberalization. There is no obstacle for foreign capital to go in and out. Isn’t it convenient for them to reap development dividends and transfer funds?
After all, the Washington consensus is not a good medicine given by the United States to the Latin American economy, but a poison to help financial capital groups exploit the Latin American people more quickly. According to statistics, in Argentina alone, 70% of the state-owned assets, including aviation, telecommunications, electricity, water supply and natural gas industries, were pocketed by the U.S. financial capital during the Neo liberal privatization reform.
The Neo liberal reform has pushed the Latin American people into an abyss of eternal doom. This is the third and last time that Latin America has been disappointed with the United States.
At the beginning of the 21st century, the left-wing camp in Latin America rose collectively in the people’s desire to beautify. Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, Honduras and other countries have been replaced by radical anti American leftists. The well-known Latin American political strongmen, such as Chavez, Lula and Kishner, all stepped onto the political stage under this background.
The turning point occurred in 2014!
This year, Brazilian left-wing President Rousseff, who had participated in underground parties and guerrillas, was re elected. This made the United States realize that the Latin American left wing has gradually developed a folk foundation. If it is allowed to sit large, it may have no chance to deal with it in the future.
So we can see that after 2014, the United States established a series of pro american far right governments in Latin American countries including Brazil, Ecuador, Honduras, Chile and Argentina through coups or other intrigues.
Former Brazilian president Rousseff was impeached from office by the pro american congress in 2016. The acting president was temer, who was born on the right
The United States naively believes that if it controls the leadership of Latin America, it can control the whole Latin America from top to bottom. But the reality is that, after being cheated again and again, the Latin American people have long been extremely disappointed with the lighthouse that guided their revolution. In less than five years, those Pro American governments were kicked down by the voters with their votes one by one!
In Argentina, Mauricio Macquarie, a pro american, was defeated by Fernandez of the left;
In Honduras, the pro american Nasri asfula was defeated by the left-wing camp omara Castro;
In Ecuador, the pro american Guillermo lasso was defeated by the left-wing camp andreasalauz;
In Chile, Jos é Antonio Castel, a pro – American, was killed by gavrel, a leftist camp Boric wins;
Even in Mexico, which is regarded as the core of the back garden by the United States, a new left-wing government headed by obarado has been elected.
By the end of 2021, 16 of the 23 countries and regions in Latin America have been ruled by left-wing leaders. In the next general elections in Brazil and Colombia, the left-wing camp will probably win. After a lapse of five years, the Latin American left wing League has become a company again! So far, the left wing camp in Latin America has fully returned!
It is worth noting that the return of the left-wing camp in Latin American countries is not plain sailing. During this period, the United States did not make little moves in public or in private.
In Ecuador, the United States used $2.8 billion in loan assistance to try to reverse the decline of the pro american regime in the general election; In Bolivia, the organization of American States (OAS), controlled by the United States, once accused the elected leftist leader Juan Evo Morales Emma of electoral fraud, but these small moves were all thwarted by the people of the countries concerned with massive demonstrations.
At the summit of the League of South American nations fourteen years ago, Latin American left-wing leaders gathered together
This shows that anti us and anti neoliberalism have long been deeply rooted in the hearts of the Latin American people. With the strong backing of the broad masses of the people, no matter what kind of coups the United States will launch in Latin America in the future, they will sooner or later be despised by the people!
At the end of the article, the author has something to say
After the full return of Latin America, the left-wing camp faced a new problem.
How to get rid of poverty?
In this regard, former Brazilian president dilma Rousseff gave his own opinion: China! At the end of 2021, Rousseff published an article entitled “our position is not with the United States, but with China” on the website of page 12 of Argentina. In the article, she stressed:
Unlike the United States, China respects the sovereignty of other countries and understands mutual benefit and win-win results. In order to get rid of the dilemma, Latin American countries must not blindly obey the United States, but should improve their negotiating ability. Instead of kowtowing to the United States, we should remain independent and stand with China.
There is no doubt that Rousseff’s answer is absolutely right!
Now the world is at the dawn of the fourth industrial revolution. Whether we can catch this bus will determine whether Latin America will be rich or poor in the next century.
The institutional problem of eliminating small governments and establishing large governments needs to be handled by them. The external key to getting rid of poverty lies in who can help Latin America achieve industrial upgrading and upgrade demanding infrastructure construction, which can only be achieved by China in the world at the same time.
To beautify, looking west, Latin America is turning a new page in history!
PS: China is in the west of Latin America.