Author: ye Lihua source: Qiushi (ID: gh_a2f5eb6a8f0c)
September 9th is a special day.
I talked about why we should cherish the memory of teachers before. People always need to grow. With the improvement of experience and in-depth thinking, I admire him a little more.
To understand him, we must first understand the industrial revolution. The first industrial revolution and the second industrial revolution brought not only the development of productive forces, but also the transformation of organizational methods.
Before the first industrial revolution, the organizational form of all countries in the world was the exercise of power system without exception.
In other words, whether it is the case of Taiwan patrol in the East, the Daming vassal Town, or the governor Lord, Knight bishop in the west, in the final analysis, it is a small central government.
Kublai Khan of the Yuan Dynasty directly named the operating relationship of the organization with the Secretariat of the central government, which means acting for the central government. The Mongols who entered the Central Plains would not whitewash their power with literary words. Kublai Khan was straightforward when the Yuan Dynasty divided the provinces.
In essence, the local government is a lower level central government. All the powers of the central government can only be unified to the lower level government.
The way of conscription is that the village levy is completed, the county levy is completed, the prefecture levy is completed, and the province levy is completed. There is no package plan.
The way of taxation is to collect taxes in the village, in the county, in the prefecture, and in the province. There is no national tax to go all out.
Therefore, the local soldiers are local, the local taxes are local, and the amount of contribution to the superiors only depends on the ability of the superiors.
When Chongzhen collected Liao’s salary, the people saw that fire consumed silver, but few Liao’s salary. Because the taxes paid by the people must first meet the expenses of tax collection in the county, then meet the expenses of tax collection in the government, and finally meet the expenses of tax collection in the province, and then Liao rates.
These three levels of expenditure are fire consumption.
The larger the amount of Liao rates, the higher the cost of three-level taxation, and the higher the fire consumption. Finally, Chongzhen Liao rates cost one or two, the provincial fire cost five Liang, the provincial fire cost ten Liang, and the county fire cost thirty Liang. Therefore, the more Chongzhen wanted to destroy Nurhachi, the closer Li Zicheng was to Beijing.
In Japan, this set was still in use before World War II. The Japanese army was assembled in local units. People in an army would never come from all over the world, but from a county.
In the west, the Lord of my Lord is not my Lord, and the servant of my servant is not my servant. Each level can only command the next level, but not the next level. The essence of the enfeoffment system since the Western Zhou Dynasty has never changed.
This is the exercise system. The advantage of exercising power is that the cost of expansion is low. As long as the first-class Lord is defeated, the Lord under his command will immediately surrender. The construction of a multi-ethnic empire is very easy. The Manchu emperor is a great man of Mongolia, the chassis of Mongolia is Manchu, and the king of England is the king of Scotland. These two countries are one country.
However, exercise of power has no other advantages except this one.
Unless it is ruled vertically, anything is a huge tax for the bottom.
The first industrial revolution completely changed the exercise of power and solved the soil of the exercise of power from the root. The production of a factory must be planned comprehensively. The production of a product cannot be carried out at one level, but needs overall design.
The change of production has promoted the change of organization. The first industrial revolution produced a new system, the subcontracting system, which replaced the exercise system. The difference between contracting power and exercising power is that the central government has finally realized centralization of power at the organizational level.
For example, the separation of management power from management power was first used by Britain, which first carried out the industrial revolution. According to the commercial needs of the country, it was subcontracted to the colonization company. According to the needs of the country’s management, it is still necessary to send people to exercise power.
The governors of various colonies are exercising power, but they are not exercising all the powers of the former Lords. Multinational companies have integrated the native land with the United Kingdom. The king and Parliament of the United Kingdom can stab the whole country through the East India Company for the trade of silk and tea slaves.
This is not because all levels of the East India Company are loyal, but because in order to achieve the production goal, the East India Company must carry out a plan to the end, that is, the Department’s plans should be summarized, the Department’s resources should be coordinated, the Department’s plans should be run in, and the Department’s achievements should be shared.
The most important thing is that the revenue of the Department ultimately belongs to the head office. The elimination of fire consumption from the financial perspective will also eliminate the exercise of power from the organizational perspective.
The East India Company had to establish the instructions issued from a board of directors, which must be implemented into the system of employees. Otherwise, production and operation could not continue. The colonization company is not sales, and the head office only needs to set targets. The colonization company is production. It is a tea industry. If all departments do not have a unified plan and strong implementation, but go their own way, the tea garden will not be established in 10000 years.
The prosperity of London and Manchester began in that era. Wherever the headquarters of the colonization company were, it was the center of power. With the rise of French industry, Napoleon was invincible. This part of history has been skipped in China as a whole, because our enterprises do not feel deeply about the plan.
Our feelings about this period of history are also not profound.
Similarly, the second industrial revolution brought about the further development of the state’s centralization. In the modern sense, the one shot state organ finally came into being, and the centralization in the modern sense finally rose on the horizon.
For the first time, Germany’s Internal Revenue Service realized a unified national tax. Only then did Bismarck’s manoeuvring emerge. Although we have some experience of this period of history, we do not share it.
As a country without advanced organizations, we have been brought into this period of history by hard ships and sharp guns.
The backward Qing Dynasty met with the tax authority led by Hurd. Relying on the products of the second industrial revolution, the Qing Dynasty forcibly extended its sixty year life. This is not a miracle on earth, but a creation of the industrial revolution. Whether it is learning from foreigners to master their skills, or learning from the West and learning from the middle school, the key is not physical use, but whether we understand the industrial revolution and the stage of human development.
There are problems with the system, ideology and understanding of the objective world. With the backward exercise of power by the governors, no matter how many warships there are, Japan can not be defeated. This is the truth. It is useless to learn about implements and production. When you look at the world, you should look at the system and the thought.
The greatness of teachers lies in their vision. Great vision, great insight into production, great insight into history, great insight into the world.
Greatness lies in the overall situation. He did not just look at any aspect for a moment, nor did he simply look at utensils, production, science and technology and systems.
He looks at the whole situation.
What he sees is the upcoming third industrial revolution, which will further profoundly change the world, change the operation of organizations and change people’s minds.
This third industrial revolution is a revolution in energy and information technology.
Kunlun is not the only one born in the sky? There is also a preview that everyone will have a say after the arrival of the three industrial revolutions.
When the demands of minorities tear North America apart, when extreme environmentalism covers up the reality and devours the future of Western Europe, we are still in his legacy.
We should not be trapped by identity politics, nor disturbed by extreme emission reduction. We should coordinate the overall situation and move towards the bright future.
I would like to take this opportunity to remember my teachers. I am grateful to my tutor.