The word “crossing” originally originated from science fiction, crossing time and space through some kind of technology. In the 1990s, Hong Kong martial arts writer Huang Yi created a novel called “the story of seeking Qin”, which was the first time for martial arts to travel through novels. Then we entered the era of online novel creation. “Crossing” has become a necessary condition for many novels. Indeed, there have been many works with good content and depth, and some have even become high-quality IP pursued in many fields, such as movies, TV dramas, games and so on.
Unlike the concept of crossing the past and the future in Western science fiction, most of our online works like to go through the ancient times, and then use their own scientific knowledge beyond the times or their ability to read history, such as startling step by step, Gong Suoxin jade, Qing Nian, etc. Obviously, the authors want to set a priority for the characters, facilitate the development of the plot, and prevent the embarrassment that cannot be justified. Over the past decade or so, the word “crossing” has become one of people’s subconscious reactions.
As a result, people began to subconsciously find that there were some people in Chinese history who seemed to have gained some authority and had the ability to transcend history. These people were out of tune with the times, and their actions seemed to have really “crossed” back from later generations.
“Celebrating the past years”
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usurper who founded the Xin dynasty
socialist
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Qiaoqi
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In AD 9, the last emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Ying, was only five years old. Without the right to know, he abdicated the throne to Wang Mang, a powerful minister. This is the end of the Great Western Han Dynasty, which lasted 215 years.
At the age of 54, Wang Mang changed his country’s title to a new one, which opened the precedent of obtaining the throne through “abdication” in Chinese history, and also left the standard process of usurping the throne for later generations. This change of Dynasty to avoid bloody war is extremely inconsistent with the background of the feudal dynasty. You know, it was an era of fighting for the sake of the emperor’s brothers and relatives.
Wang Mang, who became emperor, was also different from most previous emperors. He had a political ambition that others could not understand. As a Confucian scholar, he hopes to put what he has learned into practice and establish an ideal world in which everyone is equal. After that, in order to improve social inequality and eradicate the factors that cause it, he invested a great deal of effort and made a series of reforms beyond the times. It is for this reason that Wang Mang is known as a “transgressor” by many people today when the “crossing” thinking has become a common practice.
In fact, his idea stems from the “ancient worship” in Confucianism. Confucian scholars believe that the ancient era of equality for all is the best, and Wang Mang is also deeply convinced. However, the new policies promulgated by him did not completely follow the ancient times, but gave people a feeling of “the embryonic form of socialism” that appeared only a thousand years later.
First, the land was nationalized and then distributed according to the family population.
Secondly, the slavery system was frozen and the slave trade was prohibited.
Third, forced labor. The unemployed will be fined, and those who are unable to pay will have to work hard, and the government will provide food and clothing.
Fourth, unified issuance of currency. Salt, iron and wine are subject to monopoly system. Mineral resources are owned by the state and mined by the government.
Coins of Wang Mang’s reform
Fifth, establish a loan system. People can borrow money from the government for sacrifice or funeral without interest. However, the government charges one tenth of the principal and interest of the net profit for loans to run agricultural and commercial undertakings.
Sixthly, we should implement a planned economy. The government controls prices to prevent businessmen from manipulating the market, so as to eliminate the inequality between the rich and the poor. When the supply of daily necessities such as food, cloth and silk exceeds the demand, the government buys them at cost. When the demand exceeds the supply, the government will sell it to stop the price rise.
Seventh, collect income tax. All industries and businesses, including fishing and hunting, divination, doctors, hotels, and women’s family sericulture and weaving, are subject to income tax of one tenth of their net profits. The government uses this income as a loan or a fund to stabilize prices.
All the above policies seem quite familiar. Some of them are the same as those still being implemented. It is hard to imagine that this was the new deal implemented by the emperor 2000 years ago. However, this is a true historical fact. Unfortunately, it is inappropriate to overstep the times. These policies are too idealistic, the society lacks the ability to support these policies, and people can’t accept what they can’t understand. On the contrary, it leads to social chaos. In addition, the vested interests of gaomen and the big valve have been damaged, and disasters such as drought, locusts, plague and the diversion of the Yellow River have occurred. The new deal not only failed to ease social contradictions, but also caused severe turbulence in the world. The National Treasury has also been exhausted and unable to allocate funds for disaster relief, making it difficult for the people to survive.
Some of the new policies promulgated by Wang Mang are the same as those still being implemented.
In A.D. 17, locusts and droughts occurred throughout the country, and peasant uprisings continued throughout the country. In A.D. 23, the new dynasty perished.
Wang Mang is a controversial figure. Ancient historians regarded him as a “traitor” who usurped the throne with the concept of “orthodoxy”. However, after the end of the modern monarchy, Wang Mang was praised by many historians as “the first social reformer in Chinese history” and regarded as a far sighted and selfless social reformer. Now, some people call him a “transgressor”. Perhaps he is really a “promising youth” who has crossed back from the new era of socialism.
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Lu Wenshu
Human rights champion
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Qiaoqi
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Lu Wenshu lived in an earlier age than Wang Mang. As a small judicial officer, he was unknown in history. In addition to the story of compiling Pu manuscripts in the old children’s books, the most important of his deeds is a memorial to Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, which is called the book of probation for upholding virtue. This one thousand word Memorial, which is the earliest call for human rights in Chinese history, shines with the glory of human nature beyond the times.
Compiling Pu manuscripts in children’s books
This memorial is included in the ancient prose Guanzhi. Between the lines, it is full of Lu Wenshu’s suggestions on judicial reform, as well as the hope that the imperial court will change its policy of severe punishment and reusing prison officials. It advocates “upholding morality and probation” and “provincial legal system and lenient punishment”.
The legal system of the Han Dynasty inherited that of the Qin Dynasty, that is, it attached too much importance to and reused the “officials for prison administration”. As an official of the judicial system, Lu Wenshu was deeply impressed by the shortcomings of the legal system at that time. He wrote in his article, “there are ten mistakes in Qin Dynasty. One of them still exists. It is also the officials who govern prisons.” These people (law enforcers), “fight each other up and down, and it is clear from the engraving”, “defeat the law, disorder and justice, and leave the pro fortress road”. They competed to chase after each other and imposed indiscriminate punishments. The more harsh the “Prison Administration” is, the better. The heavier the sentencing and sentencing are, the better. As a result, “those who have been punished stand shoulder to shoulder; those who have made great efforts (to be executed) are tens of thousands of years old”, which profoundly exposes the cruelty of the legal system in the early feudal society.
Lu Wenshu
Lu Wenshu believes that adjudication is the most important thing in the world. People who are executed cannot be resurrected, and people whose limbs are cut off cannot be connected again. There is no personal grudge between law enforcers and prisoners. The way for them to seek their own security is to deprive others of their freedom and lives. There is nothing sadder than this.
Lu Wenshu pointed out in his article that the cause of unjust imprisonment lies in the confession doctrine, “madam, if she is in peace, she will be happy to live, if she is in pain, she will think of death. Why not People are willing to live when they are happy and die early when they are in pain. Under torture, you will have any confession you want. Once the prisoner could not endure torture, he would accept the hint of the interrogator to admit his guilt. In addition, various methods have been used to modify, add and delete, making it seamless, and every word and sentence conforms to the provisions of the law. As a result, even if the saints saw it, they would feel that the prisoner deserved his death.
Lu Wenshu finally wrote, “only your majesty, in addition to slander, open the mouth of the world, and widely admonish the way,… Save the legal system, lenient punishment, and abolish prison, then the wind of peace can flourish in the world…”.
Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty was so impressed by this that he issued an imperial edict, ordering officials throughout the country to be lenient and fair in handling cases. Of course, administrative orders alone cannot change the long tradition. All this stems from “absolute power leads to absolute corruption”. Lu Wenshu’s declaration of human rights finally disappeared with time, and even no similar voice appeared for many years. However, his idea of “killing those who can be killed but not killed, and punishing those who can be punished but not punished” still has certain positive significance today.
As mentioned above, Lu Wenshu is really an unknown person, far less concerned than Wang Mang. However, he was able to speak for human rights 2000 years ago, and it is well deserved to call him a “transgressor”.
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Lichunfeng
Great prophet
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Qiaoqi
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As early as the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Chinese culture presented a scene of a hundred schools of thought contending and a hundred flowers blooming, and various theories flourished in a free environment. In addition to the famous Confucianists, Taoists, political strategists, Mohists and Legalists, there are also many schools of natural science, such as physicians, acrobats and farmers. However, in the Han Dynasty, when Confucianism was the only thing that people could learn, apart from literature, history and politics, it was hard to see the shadow of natural science. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, after the birth of the imperial examination system, people sharpened their minds to find a shortcut across classes from writing articles.
Obviously, it is undoubtedly a miracle that lichunfeng appeared in the Tang Dynasty. He is an astronomer, mathematician and Yi scientist, and can almost be called “Aristotle of the East”. Today, it is equivalent to a science champion in the liberal arts class.
Come and see his contribution to natural science.
In mathematics, lichunfeng compiled and annotated the famous ten sutras. These ten Sutras were later used as mathematics textbooks in the Imperial College of mathematics in the Tang Dynasty.
For meteorology, lichunfeng was the first person in the world to grade the wind. According to the changes and damage caused by the wind to trees, he created an eight level wind force standard, namely: “moving leaves, singing sticks, shaking branches, falling leaves, breaking twigs, breaking big branches, breaking wood, flying sand and gravel, pulling out big trees and roots.”
In terms of the calendar, lichunfeng compiled a new calendar in the second year of Linde (665), which was recommended by Si Li, Nangong Ziming, the Taishi order Xueyi, and the Guozi liquor offering kongyingda. Finally, Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty issued an imperial edict and named it Linde calendar.
Yi Si Zhan
Finally, there is astrology. Lichunfeng “collects his records, gathers them as classes, and compiles them to take the second place” and writes 10 volumes of Yi Si Zhan. In his book, lichunfeng “picked up Yinghua and deleted the numerous and false” comprehensively summarized the astrology theories of various schools before Tang Zhenguan. After synthesis, he retained the relatively consistent astrology of various schools, abandoned the contradictory parts, and established a very systematic astrology system, which had a great impact on astrology in the Tang Dynasty and beyond. Moreover, as an important cultural history classic, “Yi Si Zhan” retains a lot of scientific historical materials in addition to astrological methods and fulfillment. Such as the record of astronomical phenomena, the description of astronomical phenomena, the position of the solstice at that time, the components and structure of the armillary, the calculated value of precession, and so on. In Yi Si Zhan, lichunfeng once recorded the difference between comets and meteors in detail, which makes people sigh.
In addition, lichunfeng, who is good at astrology, also worked with yuantiangang to deduce the wonderful book of prophecy, the back pushing map.
According to records, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty ordered yuantiangang and lichunfeng, who knew Yin and Yang and understood the five elements, to calculate the future national destiny of the Tang Dynasty. Lichunfeng began to calculate, but he was so excited that he pushed 60 elephants at once. That is, 2000 years later, yuantiangang pushed lichunfeng’s back with his hand, which meant to tell him that the secret of nature should not be revealed too much. So far, it’s best. Finally, the 60 elephants were compiled into a book, named the picture of pushing back.
With the cooperation of yuantiangang, lichunfeng deduced the wonderful book of prophecy, the back pushing map.
This book has been circulated in many versions. It not only accurately predicted the events such as Wu Zetian’s becoming emperor, the change of Yang Guifei’s Mawei, the Huangchao uprising after the Tang Dynasty, but also promoted the performance of Zhao Kuangyin’s yellow robe, Wang Anshi’s reform, the change of the civil castle, the invasion of the king and the Ming Dynasty, and even the Japanese invasion of China… Such miracles cannot be explained by the author’s “crossing”.
Objectively speaking, the book “Tui Bei Tu”, which can be seen at present, does indeed have traces of supplementation in the later dynasties, and many scholars have also raised various questions. But for the author, he is more willing to believe that lichunfeng is a “transgressor” of later generations – he left many scientific works in order to correct the development track of “valuing literature over reason”, and left the prophecy of “pushing back” for the suffering Chinese nation… All this is because “changing life against the sky” is the most simple dream of every ordinary person wandering forward in reality.
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