The legal guiding ideology of the Shang Dynasty further developed on the basis of the legal concept of “heaven” punishment in the Xia Dynasty, emphasizing the role of “gods”, especially the ancestor gods. Under the influence of this view of destiny, merchants are very superstitious about ghosts and gods. The king of Shang claimed to be the son of God, that is, the “lower emperor”, also known as the son of heaven. Therefore, the clergy who performed divination – Wu, Shi, etc. played an important role in the social life of the Shang Dynasty.
In the view of divine power, the laws of the Shang Dynasty were also formulated in the name of “heaven” and “God”. If “there are many sins in Xia, the fate of heaven” and “you still give one person, send heaven’s punishment, and give it to you! You believe everything, and I don’t eat words. If you don’t follow the oath, you will be forgiven without mercy.” Crusade against summer in the name of heaven.
In Xunzi Zhengming, there is a conclusion that “criminal name goes into business”, which reflects that the legal system of the Shang Dynasty should be relatively mature. “Zuo Zhuan ยท six years of Zhao Gong” contains that “there was chaos in business, but it was a punishment for soup”. Like the Xia Dynasty, it was also the code named after soup by its successors in order to commemorate Tang.
In addition to Tang Xing, chapters such as Gan Shi, pan Geng, and Yi Xun are also valid legal documents of the Shang Dynasty.
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The legal guiding ideology of the Shang Dynasty further developed on the basis of the legal concept of “heaven” punishment in the Xia Dynasty, emphasizing the role of “gods”, especially the ancestor gods.
Under the influence of this view of destiny, merchants are very superstitious about ghosts and gods. The king of Shang claimed to be the son of God, that is, the “lower emperor”, also known as the son of heaven.
Therefore, the clergy who performed divination – Wu, Shi, etc. played an important role in the social life of the Shang Dynasty.
In the view of divine power, the laws of the Shang Dynasty were also formulated in the name of “heaven” and “God”. If “there are many sins in Xia, the fate of heaven” and “you still give one person, send heaven’s punishment, and give it to you! You believe everything, and I don’t eat words. If you don’t follow the oath, you will be forgiven without mercy.” Crusade against summer in the name of heaven.
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1. Theocracy thought
This theocracy thought originated from primitive religious superstition, that is, all the legal activities of the rulers are described as the power of God and ghosts, and the rulers are subject to “destiny” and “punishment on behalf of heaven”. Thus, their rule is covered with the protective color of religious superstition, which is more confusing and deterrent.
2. Divination
“The mysterious bird of heaven’s destiny, comes down and produces business”.
marriage and family system
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Monogamy (monogamy with multiple concubines)
Wives and concubines &\8211; Division of legitimate and common people
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1. At the beginning of Shang Dynasty, the succession to the throne was brother’s death and son’s death, but brother and son were the main.
2. In the middle and late Shang Dynasty, with the development of private ownership, the concept of private ownership was further strengthened, and the death of father and son gradually replaced the death of brother and brother.
3. After the death of the father and the death of the son, in the late Shang Dynasty, the system of lineal succession was gradually implemented.
The so-called lineal succession system is “to establish a lineal to grow, not to be virtuous, and to establish a son to be expensive, not to grow.”
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The king of Shang held the highest legislative and judicial power.
The central judicial officer of the Shang Dynasty was “Sikou”, under which there were “Zheng”, “Shi” and other judges.
The judicial trial of the Shang Dynasty has a distinctive feature of divine punishment. Judicial judgment, conviction and sentencing are often determined by “divine judgment” through divination. Divination officials also have a certain judicial power, “Zhen, Wang Wenwei PI.”. “Zhen, the king hears not only PI.”
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1. Round soil
2. In prison
3. Guali: Guali is a place name in today’s Tangyin County, Henan Province. “Zhou imprisoned Xibo (King Wen of Zhou Dynasty).”