Source: Qin Shuo’s circle of friends wechat id:qspyq2015
01
The mountain, which looks as solid as gold, is difficult to withstand the continuous erosion of rainstorms.
So is society. When mountain torrents continue to erode, they will also be scarred. Especially when the slope protection measures are not perfect and the interception and drainage facilities are not firm.
From Xuzhou to Tangshan, from the strong red code of Henan rural bank to the compulsory supply interruption of hundreds of real estate owners across the country, you can see scars, tangible, intangible, wealth and spirit.
Not long ago, the experience of ah Fen, a migrant worker who was hotly discussed on the Internet, is also a scar, which has fortunately been repaired.
A fen came to Shanghai from Henan Province in March and wanted to get a job. Because of the epidemic, she went to the rescue station without a job, infected with Xinguan, and recovered after treatment in the shelter. After Shanghai returned to normal, she began to apply for a job. Because she did not meet the requirements of “no Yang in history” of many enterprises, she was repeatedly frustrated and had to live in a toilet in the underground passage of Hongqiao. Because there is no rent here, and there is free paper in the toilet.
This report from Shanghai we media quickly aroused the reaction of relevant parties, and proposed that all departments and units should treat covid-19 positive rehabilitation patients without discrimination in accordance with the relevant requirements of laws and regulations. All sectors of society should not label them and let them live in the shadow they should not have.
The next day, with the help of many parties, ah Fen found a job as a SF express sorter and began the trial work.
This week I left Shanghai for other places to do research, but I often thought of alfen. Such a fate is not unique to the epidemic that has lasted for months.
I think of an article about the blind in the epidemic published on the official account of China Newsweek. One of the protagonists is also from Henan, and she is also a female. She came to Shanghai in 2001 and worked as a masseur in a blind massage shop in Putuo District. She met her later husband here, who is also a blind masseur. Before the epidemic, the two ate in the store on weekdays, went to the nearby supermarket to buy some cooked or frozen food on weekends, heated it in the microwave oven at home, and also used the shopping app to buy vegetables with “listen” words. When the epidemic came, the problem came. When she read the information of the area she touched and clicked to buy, it took at least 3 seconds, and she couldn’t grab the food at all.
Later, there was a dish. Because it was a whole raw material, the 47 year old cooked with an open fire for the first time. At first, she was not skilled, and her left index finger was scalded by the wall of the pot.
These fates make people speechless, and the shock to me comes from comparison.
Just the day before the publication of the Avon report, a developer asked me about the house price and introduced me to the recent “tea fee” market of the “five-star red envelope building”. “Tea fee” I know, but “red envelope building” is the first time I heard of it. Now, the more the primary second-hand price hangs upside down, the higher the star rating. It is said that the “tea fee” of one square meter of the “red envelope building” is between 20000 and 50000 yuan, and the most expensive is close to 100000 yuan.
It is also said that some bosses collect “room tickets” in enterprises. If they win the lottery, those who are willing to give “room tickets” will pay a “proxy fee” of millions of yuan, saying that this is also a kind of “common prosperity”.
When the “red envelope building” and the toilet where ah Fen lives are in the same frame, and when the scenes of New Zealand ice cream, bread and blind cooking we bought in the epidemic are in the same frame, I can’t calm down for a long time.
My question is, who will support them?
02
The problem of afen is first of all a problem of labor and employment discrimination. The target of discrimination is often vulnerable groups, that is, the more the gang, the more discriminated against.
How to support the afins? Due to my research on other topics, I didn’t have time to interview this, so I entrusted my old classmate, Lin Zhiyun, the second-class inspector of Guangzhou Tianhe District People’s Congress, to understand the situation on my behalf. He has rich grass-roots work experience, once served as the director of the District Civil Affairs Bureau, and is very familiar with social relief, social welfare, social mutual assistance and other security issues. This time, he also specially communicated with relevant departments, and they put forward the following suggestions:
1. The government and all departments must take a clear-cut stand in accordance with the explicit provisions of China’s labor law, employment promotion law, infectious disease prevention and control law and other laws to ensure that workers enjoy equal employment and the right to choose occupations in accordance with the law. Except for the medical identification, the infectious disease pathogen carrier shall not engage in the work that is easy to spread the infectious disease before being cured or the suspicion of infection is eliminated, the employing unit shall not refuse to hire on the grounds of being the infectious disease pathogen carrier. This should be widely publicized.
2. While doing a good job in publicity, government departments should strictly inspect and enforce the law. Those who make difficulties in discriminating against the labor rights of vulnerable groups can be held accountable.
3. The government should do a good job in the investigation and research of the COVID-19, and introduce targeted social security measures to make up for the shortcomings of people’s livelihood.
4. The opportunity of recovering positive infected persons, and the relevant data and probability should be carefully and scientifically judged and made public, so as to relieve the concerns of the public and enterprises.
5. The government should commend and reward enterprises that actively help solve the employment of vulnerable groups. For example, enterprises that help the disabled get employment now have preferential income tax.
6. We should also respond to the concerns and anxieties of enterprises in a timely manner. The enterprise is worried that if it recruits convalescent infected persons, the whole enterprise will be closed, isolated and closed down in case of recovery. Therefore, the longer the epidemic lasts, the more scientific and accurate the prevention and control. Recently, the close connection isolation control was adjusted from “14+7” to “7+3”, and the close connection isolation control was adjusted from “7-day centralized isolation” to “7-day home isolation”, which reduced the pressure. We should also respond to the demands of enterprises and help them reduce their burden.
The government is duty bound to provide support for vulnerable groups. At the same time, enterprises and society should also actively participate.
Not long ago, I attended a symposium organized by the Shanghai new Shanghai Chamber of Commerce. An entrepreneur said that the enterprise operated three nursing homes in Pudong. When the epidemic was serious, only one had 80 positive infected people, and there were three severe cases. There were no vegetables at that time, and even the diapers used by the elderly were used up. Finally, the members of the new Shanghai Chamber of Commerce have contributed. Some deputies to the National People’s Congress reported to the government that some were connected with the hospital to pick up serious cases, some helped to apply for passes, some transported vegetables from their own farms, and a Zhejiang enterprise also transported a truck of diapers from Zhejiang.
Moved by the entrepreneur who helped him, he said, “without everyone’s help, he might not survive this time.”
Shanghai is the preferred place for Anhui people to go out to work. Among the more than 10 million “non Shanghai permanent residents” in Shanghai, Anhui has more than 2.4 million people. Hongqinghua, the founder of donkey mother tourism network, is the president of Shanghai Anhui chamber of Commerce. He said at the symposium that he was silent at home in the most severe days of the epidemic. He was anxious about all kinds of things and had a strong sense of powerlessness, but he always felt that he should do something instead of waiting at home every day.
“At that time, we saw that many elderly people, nursing homes, construction sites and Anhui villagers were lack of living materials, and the municipal Party committee and municipal government also called on the chamber of Commerce to play a role, so we immediately applied for a pass to the relevant departments of Shanghai, and set up a ‘Hui camel material emergency assistance platform’ with the chairman of 276 Hui Merchants’ enterprises. We received more than 10000 calls every day, and there was a risk of being infected if we couldn’t receive them or send them, but we were full in our hearts, and some delivery records When the volunteer was tired, he lay down at the door of the community for a while and continued to deliver. He persisted for more than 30 days. “
Huxuelian, deputy director of the office of the Yangtze River Delta modern service industry alliance, is from Chuzhou, Anhui Province. She contacted with some Huizhou merchants in many ways. After twists and turns, through the four seasons fresh fruit and vegetable association in Baimao Town, Jiujiang District, Wuhu City, she organized association enterprises and family farms to harvest vegetables and take packaging trucks. On April 10, she transported 10 tons of vegetable bags to Shanghai, and distributed vegetable bags to residents in the community, the elderly living alone and families in difficulty from Gumei street.
“Although it can only slow down some people’s momentary urgency, every time you do a little, you will feel more secure.”
03
The problem of afen is also a problem of the survival and development of migrant workers in big cities.
The epidemic pressure and economic pressure affect many people, and the migrant population often bears the brunt.
I also think of the serious fire accident in the “Jufuyuan” apartment in Daxing District, Beijing in November 2017, which killed 19 people, 17 of whom were migrant workers from Hebei, Henan, Shandong and other places. The fire broke out in the cold storage on the first floor underground. The electrical circuit buried in polyurethane insulation material broke down and the victims died of carbon monoxide poisoning.
Many cities have such “three in one” places for storage, production and residence. Cities cannot live without the services provided by migrant workers, but they often ignore the potential safety hazards in their living environment. They seem to be “passers-by”. When they are old and unable to work, they naturally return to the countryside. Even in peacetime, they may be “driven away” as low-end personnel. It seems that the city has never really thought about how to make them take root in the city?
Of course, the government has its difficulties. With a large inflow of migrant population, there will be great pressure on service and management, because our allocation of public service resources, such as public security, education, hospitals, etc., is based on the registered residence population. With a large number of immigrants, service personnel must be expanded and overstaffed, but there will still be many restrictions and they will be stretched. If there is a long-term shortage of manpower, it is easy to manage extensively.
Standing on the position of migrant workers, they have struggled to serve in the city, and some have paid social security for many years. They are also in the national occupational directory, such as tea artists, health managers, information and communication network terminal repairmen, security guards, intelligent building managers, central air-conditioning system operators, radio and television antenna workers, Western bakers, etc. But in their hearts, they always have a sense of alienation that they are not accepted by the city.
This is not fair, although it will take a long time to completely correct it.
The previous generation has no hukou, and the next generation will have problems reading. When it comes to reading age, many children will go back to their hometown, and some will become “left behind children”.
The developer who told me about the “red envelope building” and “tea fee” said that he recently met a fellow countryman’s child who came back from studying abroad and immediately settled down. His university once ranked among the top 500 universities in the world, adding up to more than 800 such universities. As long as there is their graduation certificate, it is easy to settle down. However, the migrant workers who have built many houses for the city in his company are not likely to settle down.
Liushouying, Dean of the school of economics of Renmin University of China, said that our basic situation is that more than 840million people live in cities, 560million people live in rural areas, and 200million people have been floating between urban and rural areas (2019 data). He believes that the traditional idea of “as long as farmers are stabilized in the countryside, the society will have no problem” and “if there is a problem in the city, people will be driven to the countryside” does not conform to the law, nor is it the thinking of modern national governance. Such urbanization is essentially “back to village urbanization”, that is, to let migrant workers bear the cost of low-cost urbanization, but ultimately let them return to the countryside.
“A farmer is just a worker as a farmer in the city. The relevant public services and basic rights of citizens in the city have nothing to do with him.”
In fact, this is not only unfair, but also impossible to maintain for a long time. Because the “third generation of farmers”, whose parents have experienced urban life, has basically urbanized their lifestyle and values. Even if junior high school education returns to the town and senior high school education returns to the county, its heart belongs to the city and will eventually be “cut off” from the countryside.
How to solve the “urbanization of returning villages” and truly realize urban-rural integration and Rural Revitalization?
Liu Shouying and other scholars have proposed that, from the Post-70s, some migrant workers who do not return to villages and are already in cities should be citizenized, truly citizenized in their places of employment, access to urban public services and social security, share the same rights with urban residents, and reunite with the economic opportunities they enjoy. “These people left by the city are not idle people, lazy people, unemployed people, relief people, but working people. They are creating wealth, not burden.”
The logic of Rural Revitalization includes reshaping the dignity of villages, developing rural industries (such as looking for leading industries to improve the return of unit land), reconstructing the relationship between people and land villages, and so on. “With industrial changes, some people who leave the village will come back, entrepreneurs who want to engage in agriculture will come in, and people who like the rural lifestyle and have ideas about the countryside will also come. This objectively requires that the fragmented land in the countryside be rezoned from the planning level, and efforts should be made to carry out homestead reform, so that the villages can be moderately concentrated and the land can be better concentrated. The reason why the land is not concentrated now is that the people who originally entered the city do not have the land rights and management rights Separation. Only after the citizenization of migrant workers and the transformation of land ownership can we truly solve the problem of ensuring the management right. After the problem of management right is solved, other financial means such as right expansion, right exercise and mortgage can be realized. Only professional entrepreneurs can come in and drive the real change in the combination of agricultural factors and the mode of operation. “
Similar to Professor Liu Shouying, my basic view is that the key to solving the urban-rural dual structure is to create a value cycle between urban and rural areas and form a closed loop. That is to say, let the resources such as urban capital, technology, knowledge and market circulate with the resources such as rural products, industries, labor and land, and have higher value output in rural areas, agricultural land, agriculture and farmers. There is huge room for improvement here.
Last week, I attended the 40th anniversary of the founding of the hope group in Xinjin, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, and visited Liu Yongyan, one of the founders of the hope group (the eldest brother of the four brothers). This 77 year old is a technological inventor. The first page of the hope group is that they started raising quails in the countryside with knowledge and technology. I asked him: how to realize the integrated development of urban and rural areas and move towards common prosperity?
He said: “with the development of science and technology, the boundary between agriculture and industry will be blurred. The concept that ‘agriculture cannot be separated from land’ in the past will also be weakened. Soilless cultivation is industrialization.” He is studying soilless cultivation. Japan is very developed in this area, but the cost is high. His goal is to achieve soilless cultivation at low cost.
We should break through the barriers and barriers between urban and rural areas, include migrant workers in cities, and open villages to cities, so as to achieve integration.
Liu Shouying said, “returning to the village to find homesickness is because it is poetry and distance. But the premise of poetry and distance is that I am a person who has been accepted by the city, not a person who belongs to the countryside. For the farmer who eventually wants to return, the countryside is his destiny. What else does he look for homesickness? The result of this’ returning to the village urbanization ‘is that the countryside has become a’ worried ‘place, not a place to come back to find homesickness.”
On the contrary, when more farmers become urban citizens, they will feel homesickness. At that time, it was easier to adjust the form of land and villages, improve the output per unit area, and complete the innovation and promotion of value.
A phenomenon worthy of vigilance is that many migrant workers have begun to choose “whether they can fall or not” because they have not paid attention to Solidly Promoting the citizenization of migrant workers for a long time. “Willing to fall but unable to fall” is mainly reflected in coastal developed cities. Cheng Yu and others from the Rural Economic Research Department of the development research center of the State Council suggested that the settlement policy of migrant workers should be formulated at different levels, and the settlement of key groups should be promoted based on the principle of “willing to settle down” and “should settle down”. For migrant workers in the county, efforts should be made to enhance the attractiveness of the county, and improve their employment quality and quality of life in the countryside and the county. For cross provincial migrant workers, efforts should be made to improve the openness of big cities, improve the capacity of public services and social security, and reasonably share the settlement cost through incentive policies such as “people, land and money”. For migrant workers outside the county and within the province, we should promote the overall planning within the province and realize the unified service management of migrant workers within the province.
Rural issues are very complex and indeed urgent, but the protection of the rights of urban migrant workers and citizenization are now even slower.
04
As I said before, China’s transition from a low-income state to a high-income state roughly goes through three stages: having jobs (creating employment), doing well (continuously improving labor productivity), and doing well (moving towards a high value-added innovative economy). I propose that every market player should be prepared for a longer-term and more resilient life.
The fate of arfin and the recent occurrence of some undifferentiated malignant injuries have inspired us to pay close attention to the problem of supporting vulnerable groups in the context of the overall economic, employment and epidemic pressure. The construction of social risk resistance requires joint efforts from the government, enterprises and all aspects to prepare for a rainy day.
From the perspective of migrant workers’ urbanization, urban-rural integration and common prosperity, we may need to have a new understanding and exploration of China’s modernization road.
“The way of establishing people is called benevolence and righteousness.” Modernization without humanitarianism cannot be true modernization.
In the definition of common prosperity, financial value was emphasized in the past. From now on, we should integrate more values such as human dignity, fairness and justice, and implement them in economic and social development.