Drive to Sanhe Village, zhuanqiang town. Under the guidance of local people, the reporter found the Zhou clan ancestral temple hidden among many houses. The ancestral hall is now under repair. High scaffolding has been erected at the main gate. A corner of the yard is filled with old eaves tiles removed from the roof. The moss marks on the green gray tiles are mottled, and some places have been washed white by rain.
The ancestral hall is of brick and wood structure, with a face width of 5. According to the villagers, the ancestral hall was used as a warehouse by the local supply and marketing cooperatives during the “Cultural Revolution”, which was divided into two floors, and cement stairs were built. The reporter climbed the stairs and looked around. He found that the ancestral hall was dilapidated due to years of disrepair. Many “skylights” were opened on the roof, and many wooden beams and columns were seriously decayed due to rain infiltration. However, the wood carvings on the beam are still well preserved, and the auspicious patterns such as kylin, magpie, Phoenix opera and peony are very exquisite, which vaguely shows the prosperity of the ancestral hall in the past.
“According to the genealogy, this ancestral hall was rebuilt during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. There were originally three entrances, including the hall of enjoyment, the hall and the gatehouse. Later, it was attacked by war and fire, leaving only the hall of enjoyment restored during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty. As for the initial construction age of the ancestral hall, there is no way to verify.” Zhou diangang, an 80 year old man, claimed to be Zhou Yu’s 61st grandson. It was he who provided the information of Zhou’s ancestral hall to the cultural relics census taker. He told reporters that he had been playing in the ancestral hall since childhood. During the “Cultural Revolution”, thanks to the supply and marketing cooperatives as a warehouse, the ancestral hall was preserved.
Puyang Kangjing, who participated in the third national census of cultural relics in Gaochun County, told reporters that Qi Deyao, the head of the expert group of the Provincial Bureau of cultural relics and an expert on ancient architecture, came to zhuanqiang town in October and praised the unique structure and woodcarving techniques of the ancestral hall, calling it “the perfect integration of Huizhou Folk Houses and Jiangnan woodcarving”. There are five bays on the front of the ancestral hall, three of which have no columns. Only the architrave (also known as the cross sea beam) above the main gate is supported by an 11 meter long wooden beam. “This design can expand the internal space and facilitate the holding of sacrificial activities with a large number of people.” It is reported that at that time, Qi Deyao repeatedly said that this design of reducing columns and lifting beams was “very rare”, especially the 11 meter long architrave, which was the first time in our province.
Xuanlang, LiangFang, queti… Reporters can find exquisite wood carvings in almost every corner of the ancestral hall, including King Wen’s visit to sages, the picture of twenty-four filial piety, three stars of fortune, wealth and longevity, and historical allusions related to the Zhou family. The knife technique is strong and smooth, and the lines are bright and clear, which has the typical characteristics of Jiangnan wood carving. Looking closer, the wood carvings are full on three sides. In addition to the front and back sides, there are carvings on the bottom. No wonder experts praise them.
Discovery Temple
The perfect integration of Huizhou Folk Houses and Jiangnan wood carvings
The 11 meter long architrave in the ancestral hall is very rare.
Write before
“Thinking back to Gong Jin’s year, Xiao Qiao was first married, with heroic hair, feather fans and scarves. When talking and laughing, the masts and oars were gone.” Su Shi’s song “niannujiao Chibi nostalgia” makes future generations remember a generation of Confucian general Zhou Yu.
Time flies. Now, it is difficult to find the relics related to Zhou Yu everywhere. During the third national cultural relics census, a Zhou clan ancestral temple found in zhuanqiang Town, Gaochun County was accidentally associated with the famous general of the Three Kingdoms.
According to the local “Zhou clan Genealogy”, the Zhou clan ancestral hall was built by the descendants of Zhou Yu to offer sacrifices to ancestors. In addition, there is also a local saying that before the Red Cliff war, Zhou Yu practiced water troops in the area of Gucheng Lake in Gaochun. Did Zhou Yu ever practice in Gaochun? Is training for the battle of Chibi? With these questions, the reporter of our in-depth report team went to zhuanqiang Town, Gaochun county last month to start a search trip.
find by hard and thorough search
Cultural identity is as important as sitting in the right place
Legend and official history
Both deserve attention
Liu Gensheng
Zhou diangang, an old man in Sanhe Village, zhuanqiang Town, Gaochun County, talked about the story of his ancestor Zhou Yu as if he were a treasure of his family. His high spirits easily reminded people of “Gong Jin in those days”. Asked why he was so obsessed with Zhou Yu’s story, and why he constantly called for the protection of Zhou’s ancestral hall, old man Zhou diangang said: This is to commemorate his ancestors, but also to make Sanhe Village in zhuanqiang town a “famous historical and cultural village”. This makes people cannot help thinking of the poem: “the martyr is in his twilight years, with great ambition.”
Maybe Zhou Lang’s yingzi is so fascinating that we are more interested in the saying that “Zhou Yu of the Three Kingdoms once practiced in Gucheng Lake”. If this is confirmed by historical materials and more physical objects, the wish of Zhou diangang and the local people will never be an “extravagant hope”. How big will the impact be? I’m afraid it’s hard to measure today. We really should not underestimate this. Although experts have different opinions on “Zhou Yu of the Three Kingdoms trained in Gucheng Lake”, although a large part of this theory is still limited to “legend”, it is nothing. Folklore and official history also deserve our attention.
We should see that legends do not mean “no”. Once confirmed, legends become history; Legends are inevitably wrong, but we should strive to “eliminate the false and retain the true”; Perhaps legend is a legend, but beautiful legends are often associated with beautiful expectations, which has its own aesthetic value. The development and utilization of folklore will still bring good benefits. For example, “impression · Third Sister Liu” is now a famous cultural brand in Guilin. Its creativity stems from “a beautiful legend”. As far as the “former Zhou Lang military training place” is concerned, the Zhou clan ancestral temple has also provided a trace for us to explore and discover its ruins, and opened an entrance for us to explore and sort out the cultural resources of the “Three Kingdoms”.
Some time ago, “the dispute over Li Bai’s hometown” became the focus of public opinion. Both Jiangyou in Sichuan Province and Anlu in Hubei Province say that their homes are “the hometown of Li Bai”. In addition to “verbal swords”, they are also preparing to “go to court”. Some people say that the dispute over the hometown of celebrities is essentially a dispute over economic interests. This may be reasonable, but it’s not always true. Historical celebrities to a place not only means “stimulating tourism”, but also means carrying forward the excellent Chinese culture and serving the construction of a spiritual home. Cultural legends and official history also deserve our attention, and the deep meaning lies in this.
Nanjing has a long history. Many outstanding figures in Chinese history have created brilliance in Nanjing and left us a large number of valuable cultural heritage. However, the more cultural heritages there are, the more it is necessary to prevent “not knowing the true face of Mount Lushan, just because you are in this mountain”, and the more it is necessary to prevent “too many treasures will not be taken seriously”. It is believed that the ancestral hall of the Zhou clan will be effectively protected, and the “former Zhou Lang military training office” will also attract more attention.
[comments]
Legends abound
Zhou Yu of the Three Kingdoms once practiced in Gucheng Lake
The discovery of Zhou’s ancestral temple also led to a legend about Zhou Yu’s military training.
The reporter of our in-depth report team learned from several local old people that there was a saying circulating around zhuanqiang Town: before the Red Cliff war, Zhou Yu led the Dongwu water army to practice in the Gucheng Lake in Gaochun. Now, zhuanqiang town also has place names such as fangmagou and Xima Dang. Zhou diangang told reporters that Fangma ditch is located in the west of Sanhe Village, zhuanqiang town. It stretches more than 10 kilometers from north to south. The ditch is more than 40 meters wide and about 2.8 meters deep. According to legend, it is the place where Zhou Yu trained and released horses.
“There is also a Sanyuan temple near Yangjiang Town, which commemorates Zhou Yu.” Led by a villager, the reporter came to Sanyuan temple and saw an ancient theater. According to an old gentleman in the temple, the Sanyuan temple was built by Sun Quan in 239 A.D. to commemorate Zhou Yu, and the old site has long been buried in the dust of history. This theater was built on the site of sanyuanguan in the Qing Dynasty. “It is said that there used to be a Zhou Yu commanding platform here.” He pointed to an open space beside the theater and told reporters.
In addition to these touchable historical sites, more stories related to Zhou Yu have been passed down from mouth to mouth in zhuanqiang Town: a stone for Zhou Yu’s military training, 10 meters long and 10 meters wide, has been found here; Many years ago, fangmagou dug up a sword of Zhou Yu; When Zhou Yu was training in Gaochun, Sun Quan’s mother Wu Guotai often brought Xiao Qiao to visit him and visit mountains and rivers. It is said that they made Gaochun feather fan famous
The reporter also learned that more than 3000 people in Sanhe Village, zhuanqiang Town, all surnamed Zhou, consider themselves descendants of Zhou Yu, and some local customs still remain, “for example, people surnamed Zhou do not intermarry; they are unwilling to listen to and do things detrimental to Zhou Yu. If someone sings the play” Zhou Yu goes to the reed marsh “, we will never allow it, thinking that it has humiliated their ancestors.”
However, in the villagers’ enthusiastic explanation, “legend” and “legend” account for a considerable part, and it is not so easy to get to the bottom of the matter. The reporter read the “zhuanqiang Zhou clan Genealogy”, and did not find the relevant records of Zhou Yu’s military training in Gaochun. Only a passage of text can provide evidence for the zhuanqiang Zhou surname as Zhou Yu’s descendants: “in the later Han Dynasty, the Duke Yu of Shucheng, Wu, was the prefect of Lingnan County, died in Baqiu in the 15th year of Jian’an, and was also buried in Niujiao mountain, Zhoucun village, northeast of Wuhu. The king of Wu, with his wife and son Xun, granted Chengwu Lang and ordered to live in xiangguowei (today’s Gaochun zhuanqiang town)”.
The exterior view of the ancestral hall before the overhaul.
Is it really the place where Zhou Lang of the Three Kingdoms practiced troops by the Gucheng Lake? The reporter of our in-depth report team tried to explore clues from the limited historical data and restore the historical truth of 1800 years ago.
Read the detailed contents of Zhou Yu in the annals of the Three Kingdoms and peisongzhi’s notes to the annals of the Three Kingdoms, and there is no trace of his activities in Gaochun. When the reporter sought confirmation from relevant people, he didn’t expect to cause a minor dispute.
According to experts such as Hu Axiang, doctoral director of the History Department of Nanjing University and President of the Six Dynasties History Research Association of Jiangsu Province, Zhou Yu’s choice of Gucheng Lake for military training is really contrary to common sense.
Hu Axiang analyzed that during the Three Kingdoms period, Nanjing was Sun Quan’s main sphere of influence, and it was possible to train sailors in Nanjing, but according to common sense, the Qinhuai River and Xuanwu Lake should be preferred. “Sun Quan once said when talking about why Nanjing was the capital,” moling has a small river more than a hundred miles, which can be used to install large ships, and our side should manage the Navy and move it “. The small river here refers to the Qinhuai River. Why did Zhou Yu want to leave near and go far to Gucheng Lake to train troops?”
However, there are many supporters. “This is clearly recorded in the articles of Fang Bao, a prose writer in the Qing Dynasty.” Su Hongquan, who worked in Gaochun County Bureau of culture more than 20 years ago, told reporters that Fang Bao, a cabinet bachelor, a minister of rites, and the founder of Tongcheng sect in the Qing Dynasty, said in his “ternary view records”: “according to the sparse notes, Zhou Yu, a general of Wu in the late Han Dynasty, was stationed here (Gaochun). When Yu died, Quan Li Guan praised his work” (collection of Mr. Fang Wangxi). “Zhou Yu is the commander-in-chief of the sailors. Since he is stationed here, it is reasonable to train troops.”
Zheng Encai, an expert on the history of water conservancy in Nanjing, said with certainty that in terms of natural conditions, Gucheng Lake at that time was far more suitable for training sailors than Xuanwu Lake and Qinhuai River!
Zheng Encai, who is in his 70s, has studied the history of water conservancy in Nanjing for more than 50 years. Pointing to the map on the wall, he motioned to the reporter: “according to the records of ancient water conservancy books such as shuijingzhu, Gaochun area during the Three Kingdoms period (at that time, it was called Zhongshan together with Lishui and other places) There is a large lake called gudanyang lake, which covers an area of more than 3000 square kilometers and connects with the Yangtze River from Dangtu. After being washed and silted by flowing water, the current Gucheng Lake and Shijiu Lake were formed after the Song Dynasty. Li Bai visited the ancient Danyang Lake many times and left poems such as “the water color is aoming Bo, the Sichuan light is beautiful and the wild rice cattail” and so on. ” He said that at that time, the water surface of Xuanwu Lake was only more than 20 square kilometers. In terms of training sailors, Xuanwu Lake and Qinhuai River could not be compared with ancient Danyang Lake. Zheng Encai also told the reporter that according to the book of the world’s prefectures and countries benefiting from diseases written by Gu Yanwu at the end of the Ming Dynasty and the records of Gaochun county annals, in the spring and Autumn period, Wu Guozhu cast the solid city as LaiZhu Town, built Xiangguo polder (in today’s brick wall town), and stationed troops for training. “Since there are precedents in the spring and Autumn period, it is not impossible for Zhou Yu to train troops.”
In the interview, many historians expressed such a view: Although there is no direct evidence of “Zhou Yu’s military training in Gucheng Lake”, as a metropolitan governor, it is normal for Zhou Yu to practice sailors. According to historical records, Zhou Yu had activities in moling pass and Jiangning Hushu in Nanjing, so he did not rule out the possibility of training troops in Gucheng Lake; As for whether to train for the Red Cliff war, it’s hard to say.
“Controversy is not important. What matters is people’s cultural identity to Zhou Yu.” Heyunao, director of the Institute of cultural and natural heritage of Nanjing University, told reporters that in the textual research of a period of history, official history records, archaeological excavations and folk historical records and legends are very important. If the three can be unified, it is the most ideal, but some historical details with a long history are rarely recorded in official history, so textual research is more difficult. He believes that it is important to explore the truth, but folklore and historical stories themselves are also a kind of cultural accumulation. “Both Zhou’s ancestral temple and Zhou Yu’s statement that he practiced sailors in Gucheng Lake reflect Zhou Yu’s far-reaching influence on the people during the Three Kingdoms period.”
The search has ended temporarily, and the dispute will continue. We have reason to believe that the emergence of Zhou clan ancestral temple and the legend of Zhou Lang’s military training have opened up a new space for people. There are memories, visions and, of course, business opportunities.
[extended reading]
Zhou Yu in official history
In Gaochun old street, all kinds of feather fans have become a scenic spot. It is said that when Zhou Yu held a feather fan, the Confucian generals showed their heroism. Su Dongpo also called it “a conversation between feather fans and scarves” in “niannujiao · Chibi nostalgia”. However, it is puzzling that in film and television works and drama creation, Zhugeliang is the one who is leisurely holding a feather fan. In fact, it all stems from the misinterpretation of Zhou Yu and the deification of Zhugeliang in the romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Zhou Yu described by Luo Guanzhong is narrow-minded and magnanimous, but Zhou Yu in the official history is not so. In the annals of the Three Kingdoms, Zhou Yu was said to be “broad-minded and quick to win people”; Sun Quan commented on Zhou Yu’s “heroism, courage and resourcefulness”; Jiang Gan said Zhou Yu was “elegant, not idle in words”; Cheng Pu once humiliated Zhou Yu several times because of his old age. Zhou Yu never quarreled with him. Cheng Pu later sincerely praised “if you make friends with Zhou Gongjin, you won’t feel drunk.”
Zhou Yu is also outstanding in literary talent and good at music. It is said that he can still hear the subtle negligence of musicians after drinking. At that time, there was a rumor saying “there is a mistake in the music, Zhou Langgu.”
The reason why there is a great contrast between Zhou Yu’s character portrayal and history in the romance of the Three Kingdoms is that the author deliberately handled it in this way to foil Zhugeliang’s wisdom in order to publicize Liu’s Orthodox authority. After several performances, Zhugeliang seems to have become a mythical figure, shaking a feather fan all year round, looking like a God.